Proteome Changes in Caco-2 Cells Treated with Monascus-Fermented Red Mold Rice Extract

Abstract

Monascus-fermented red mold rice has been extensively used as a folk medicine for thousands of years. Monascus secondary metabolites, including monacolin K, monascorubrin, and ankaflavin, have been reported to have an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. However, the cell machinery responsible for the antiproliferation of Monascus-fermented red mold rice treatment in cancer cells remains unclear. A proteomic approach using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins with modified expression in Caco-2 cells treated with Monascus-fermented red mold rice extract. A total of 20 proteins were identified with significantly altered expression (P < 0.05) in response to Monascus-fermented red mold rice extract treatment. The deregulated proteins that were identified included heat shock protein 70, protein kinase C epsilon type, clusterin-associated protein 1, and two tumor suppressors (N-chimaerin and calponin-2). Our results suggested the involvement of heat shock protein 70-mediated cytotoxicity in the Caco-2 cells treated with Monascus-fermented red mold rice extract.

Influence of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 and Gliadin Peptides on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proteome

“…Peptide analyses were performed using an Applied Biosystems 4700 Proteomics Analyzer mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA) equipped with a 355 nm pulsed nitrogen laser and operated in reflectron positive ion mode as previously reported . Briefly, the digested samples were mixed with a 5 mg/mL α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrix solution and dissolved in ACN 50% (v/v) with formic acid 0.1% (v/v).…”

Effects of Monascus-Fermented Rice Extract on Malignant Cell—Associated Neovascularization and Intravasation Determined Using the Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Besides monacolin K, Monascus-fermented products also contain many other potent anticancer compounds such as ankaflavin, monascin, and dimeruic acid, which may affect carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment differently and differentially regulate tumor-associated apoptosis, inflammation, and antioxidant activities. 3,11,12 Thus, components other than monacolin K present in Monascus-fermented RMR ethanol extract (RMRE), such as monacolins and polyketides, or the combined matrix effects of multiple constituents may be active in inhibiting tumor progression. 3 In the present study, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used in which onplanted human colorectal cancer cells exhibited cell viability and intravasation.…”

Beneficial Effects of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 Pigments and Derivatives: A Mini Review

“…Lee et al [ 117 ] confirmed that ethanol extract from red mold rice (RMRE) was beneficial to Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Some works indicated that red mold rice and dioscorea exhibit anti-cancer activities in the skin [ 118 ], liver [ 119 ], colon [ 120 , 121 ], lungs [ 122 , 123 ], and mouth [ 124 , 125 , 126 ]. Along with these clinical evaluations of Monascus pigments and metabolites, further studies of its molecular biology began in the early 2000s.…”