Proteolytic Destruction of Synovial Boundary Lubrication

J, Wilkins

doi:10.1038/2191050a0

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This was very encouraging as previous studies investigating boundary lubrication of synovial joints have often tended to use synthetic materials as their contacts (15, 42,43,16,18,20), glass/ rubber for example, as experiments utilizing cartilage specimens were found to be time consuming and lacking reproducibility (16,44, G. D. Jay, 1993, personal communication). As the friction in the cartilage contact is controlled by the biphasic nature of the cartilage and the chemistry of the boundary layers interacting with the cartilage the relevance of any other type of friction testing would appear to cause concern.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Workmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Influence of Loading Time and Lubricant on the Friction of Articular Cartilage

Forster

Fisher

1996

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

330

317

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Friction of cartilage on metal, metal on cartilage and cartilage on cartilage contact configurations, within a mixed lubrication regime, was measured using synovial fluid, Ringer's solution or with no lubricant present. The main test variable was the period of stationary loading which ranged from 5 s to 45 min, prior to sliding and consequently measuring friction. The coefficient of friction rose gradually with increasing stationary loading time, up to a value of approximately 0.3 at 45 min for all the contact configurations. Following the re-application of load, after short periods of load removal, friction was also found to drop sharply. The flow of liquid in the biphasic cartilage and load carriage by the fluid phase was highlighted as being an important factor in reducing friction within the mixed or boundary lubrication regime. Movement of the contact zone over the cartilage counterface ensured very low friction as the slider moved over fully hydrated cartilage. For the cartilage--cartilage contacts synovial fluid significantly reduced friction compared to Ringer's solution. This was attributed to an effective boundary lubrication action, which was not as effective for the cartilage--metal contacts.

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Section: Comparison With Other Workmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Influence of Loading Time and Lubricant on the Friction of Articular Cartilage

Forster

Fisher

1996

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

330

317

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“…However, multiple factors were not controlled to specifically address the role of SZP in boundary lubrication, such as surface roughening due to microtoming that may influence the real area of contact and thus the friction coefficient 27. The boundary lubricant in synovial joints has been proposed as hyaluronan, SZP/lubricin/ PRG4 , SAPL, or a combination of these molecules 45,57,59–63. The synovial fluid constituents hyaluronan and PRG4 (either in physiologic or in pathophysiologic concentrations) contribute individually and concomitantly to boundary lubrication of articular cartilage 60…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Synovial Joint Lubricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interface of Functional Biotribology and Regenerative Medicine in Synovial Joints

Neu

Komvopoulos

Reddi

2008

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

126

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Biotribology is the science of biological surfaces in sliding contact encompassing the concepts of friction, wear, and lubrication of interacting surfaces. This bioscience field has emerged from the classical field of tribology and is of paramount importance to the normal function of numerous tissues, including articular cartilage, blood vessels, heart, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Surprisingly, relatively little attention has been given to the restoration of surface characteristics in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine—the science of design and manufacture of new tissues for the functional restoration of impaired or diseased organs that depend on inductive signals, responding stem cells, and extracellular matrix scaffolding. Analogous to ancient civilizations (c. 3000 B.C.) that introduced wheeled vehicles, sledges for transporting heavy blocks, and lubricants, modern biotribologists must aim to restore surface characteristics to regenerated tissues and develop novel biomaterials with optimal tribological properties. The objective of this article is to highlight the significance of functional biotribology in the physiology of body surfaces and provide a comprehensive overview of unresolved issues and controversies as it relates to regenerative medicine. Specific attention is placed on the molecular basis of lubrication, mechanical and biochemical regulation of lubricating molecules, and the need to study wear processes in articular cartilage, especially in light of degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Surface engineering of replacement tissues exhibiting low friction and high wear resistance is examined using articular cartilage as an illustrative model system.

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“…The friction apparatus [10,11] is similar to the instruments used by other synovial lubrication investigators [20,27]. Natural latex was oscillated against a ring of polished glass with a constant contact area of 1.59 cm'.…”

Section: Friction Uppuru [Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homology of lubricin and superficial zone protein (SZP): Products of megakaryocyte stimulating factor (MSF) gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes localized to chromosome 1q25

Jay

Tantravahi

Britt

et al. 2001

Journal Orthopaedic Research

230

180

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We have previously identified megdkaryocyte stimulating factor (MSF) gene expression by synovial fibroblasts as the origin of lubricin in the synovial cavity. Lubricin is a mucinous glycoprotein responsible for the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage. MSF has a significant homology to vitronectin and is composed of 12 exons. RNA was purified from human synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes grown in vitro from tissue explants obtained from subjects without degenerative joint disease. RT-PCR was used with multiple complimentary primer pairs spanning the central mucin expressing exon 6 of the MSF gene and individual exons on both the N-and C-terminal sides of exon 6. Exons 2, 4 and 5 appear to be variably expressed by synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes. Lubricating mucin, in the form of MSF, is expressed by both chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts in vitro.Both lubricin and superficial zone protein (SZP), a related proteoglycan, share a similar primary structure but could differ in posttranslational modifications with 0-linked oligosaccharides which are predominant in lubricin and with limited amounts chondroitin and keratan sulfate found in SZP. Since most of the MSF exons are involved in the expression of lubricating mucin. a strong homology to vitronectin persists. It is therefore appropriate to consider that both SZP and lubricin occupy a new class of biomolecules termed tvihonectins. Screening of a human genome bacterial artificial chromsoine (BAC) library with a cDN A primer pair complimentary for exon 6 identified two clones. Both clones were complimentary for chromosome lq25 by in situ hybridization. This same locus was previously implicated in camptodactyl-arthropathy-pericarditis syndrome (CAP) by genetic mapping. It is hypothesized that CAP, a large joint arthropathy, may be associated with ineffective boundary lubrication provided by synovial fluid. 0

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Proteolytic Destruction of Synovial Boundary Lubrication

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

The Influence of Loading Time and Lubricant on the Friction of Articular Cartilage

The Influence of Loading Time and Lubricant on the Friction of Articular Cartilage

The Interface of Functional Biotribology and Regenerative Medicine in Synovial Joints

Homology of lubricin and superficial zone protein (SZP): Products of megakaryocyte stimulating factor (MSF) gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes localized to chromosome 1q25

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