Proteolytic conversion of arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin by brain synaptic membranes. Characterization of formed peptides and mechanisms of proteolysis.

Burbach, J. Peter H.; Lebouille, Jos L.M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33011-4

Cited by 110 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is certainly true if we assume that oxytocin given intranasally reaches its receptors in the brain intact. This point is difficult to prove, and it is well known that oxytocin may be rapidly metabolized by the peptidases present in blood [ 328 ] as well as in brain tissues (see [ 329 , 330 , 331 ]) to oxytocin fragments that are devoid of typical oxytocin bioactivity or that induce effects that are different from those induced by intact oxytocin (see [ 63 , 330 , 331 ] and references therein). This raises the possibility that many of the effects reported after intranasal oxytocin administration are due to some of its fragments not acting on or that are acting on sites that are different from the oxytocin receptor sites.…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances

Melis

Argiolas

2021

IJMS

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A continuously increasing amount of research shows that oxytocin is involved in numerous central functions. Among the functions in which oxytocin is thought to be involved are those that play a role in social and sexual behaviors, and the involvement of central oxytocin in erectile function and sexual behavior was indeed one of the first to be discovered in laboratory animals in the 1980s. The first part of this review summarizes the results of studies done in laboratory animals that support a facilitatory role of oxytocin in male and female sexual behavior and reveal mechanisms through which this ancient neuropeptide participates in concert with other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in this complex function, which is fundamental for the species reproduction. The second part summarizes the results of studies done mainly with intranasal oxytocin in men and women with the aim to translate the results found in laboratory animals to humans. Unexpectedly, the results of these studies do not appear to confirm the facilitatory role of oxytocin found in male and female sexual behavior in animals, both in men and women. Possible explanations for the failure of oxytocin to improve sexual behavior in men and women and strategies to attempt to overcome this impasse are considered.

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Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances

Melis

Argiolas

2021

IJMS

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“…The peptide used in this study, AVP 4–9 , is an endogenous metabolite of vasopressin produced by proteolysis in various brain regions (Burbach & Lebouille, 1983). Unlike VP, systemic administration of this peptide is not aversive to rats at behaviorally active doses (A. Ettenberg, personal communication, November 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement and impairment of memory retrieval by a vasopressin metabolite: An interaction with the accessibility of the memory.

Strupp¹,

Bunsey²,

Bertsche³

et al. 1990

Behavioral Neuroscience

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A series of 3 experiments was conducted to determine the generalizability of the improved recall seen with pretest administration of vasopressin in aversively motivated tasks. The learning paradigm selected for this purpose assessed the transmission of a food preference between rats; retention intervals of 8, 10, and 14 days were used in the 3 experiments, respectively. Pretest subcutaneous injection of a vasopressin metabolite, AVP4-9, significantly improved recall under conditions in which memory was poor in vehicle-treated rats but significantly impaired memory at a time when good recall was evident in controls. These findings support the postulate that administration of vasopressin or its metabolites modulate memory retrieval processes and suggest that the nature of this effect depends on the degree of forgetting that has occurred.

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“…The oxytocin molecule has a very short half-life (3–6 min in the periphery and 19 min in the CNS) [ 140 , 141 ]. It is quickly degraded by multiple peripheral and brain aminopeptidases [ 142 , 143 , 144 ] and its baseline circulating levels in non-pregnant/non-lactating individuals are very low (<8 pg/mL) [ 145 ]. In addition to these inherent characteristics, the major challenge relating to the research of endogenous oxytocin levels is the lack of standardized measurement techniques.…”

Section: Observational Studies In Humans-relation Of Oxytocin To Food Intake Weight Status and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans

Kerem

Lawson

2021

IJMS

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The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin and its receptor are involved in a range of physiological processes, including parturition, lactation, cell growth, wound healing, and social behavior. More recently, increasing evidence has established the effects of oxytocin on food intake, energy expenditure, and peripheral metabolism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the central oxytocinergic system in which oxytocin acts to shape eating behavior and metabolism. Next, we discuss the peripheral beneficial effects oxytocin exerts on key metabolic organs, including suppression of visceral adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle regeneration, and bone tissue mineralization. A brief summary of oxytocin actions learned from animal models is presented, showing that weight loss induced by chronic oxytocin treatment is related not only to its anorexigenic effects, but also to the resulting increase in energy expenditure and lipolysis. Following an in-depth discussion on the technical challenges related to endogenous oxytocin measurements in humans, we synthesize data related to the association between endogenous oxytocin levels, weight status, metabolic syndrome, and bone health. We then review clinical trials showing that in humans, acute oxytocin administration reduces food intake, attenuates fMRI activation of food motivation brain areas, and increases activation of self-control brain regions. Further strengthening the role of oxytocin in appetite regulation, we review conditions of hypothalamic insult and certain genetic pathologies associated with oxytocin depletion that present with hyperphagia, extreme weight gain, and poor metabolic profile. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials to learn whether oxytocin-based therapeutics can be used to treat obesity and its associated sequela. At the end of this review, we address the fundamental challenges that remain in translating this line of research to clinical care.

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Proteolytic conversion of arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin by brain synaptic membranes. Characterization of formed peptides and mechanisms of proteolysis.

Cited by 110 publications

References 43 publications

Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances

Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances

Enhancement and impairment of memory retrieval by a vasopressin metabolite: An interaction with the accessibility of the memory.

The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans

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