Abstract:Due to the presence of a transmembrane domain, the subcellular mobility plan of membrane-bound or membrane-tethered transcription factors (MB-TFs) differs from that of their cytosolic counterparts. The MB-TFs are mostly locked in (sub)cellular membranes, until they are released by a proteolytic cleavage event or when the transmembrane domain (TMD) is omitted from the transcript due to alternative splicing. Here, we review the current knowledge on the proteolytic activation mechanisms of MB-TFs in plants, with … Show more
“…factor MfNACsa is crucial for its nuclear import (Duan et al, 2017). A K-acetylation (in RINGLET 2, RLT2) and an N-glycosylation (in AT5G63280) sites also were found between the transcription factor family domain(TFFD)and the TMD domain (De Backer et al, 2022). In our study, we demonstrate that the oxidative PTM of GmNTL1 at cys-247 under salt stress enhances its translocation to the nucleus (Figure 9).…”
Section: Many Transcription Factors Have Been Shown To Participate In...supporting
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. Plant cells sense and transduce ROS signaling directly via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–mediated posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on protein cysteine residues. Here, we show that the H2O2-mediated cysteine oxidation of NAC WITH TRANS-MEMBRANE MOTIF1-LIKE 1 (GmNTL1) in soybean (Glycine max) during salt stress promotes its release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and translocation to the nucleus. We further show that an oxidative posttranslational modification on GmNTL1 residue Cys-247 steers downstream amplification of ROS production by binding to and activating the promoters of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG B (GmRbohB) genes, thereby creating a feed-forward loop to fine-tune GmNTL1 activity. In addition, oxidation of GmNTL1 Cys-247 directly promotes the expression of CATION H+ EXCHANGER 1 (GmCHX1)/SALT TOLERANCE-ASSOCIATED GENE ON CHROMOSOME 3 (GmSALT3) and Na+/H+ Antiporter 1 (GmNHX1). Accordingly, transgenic overexpression of GmNTL1 in soybean increases the H2O2 levels and K+/Na+ ratio in the cell, promotes salt tolerance, and increases yield under salt stress, while an RNA interference–mediated knockdown of GmNTL1 elicits the opposite effects. Our results reveal that the salt-induced oxidation of GmNTL1 promotes its relocation and transcriptional activity through an H2O2-mediated posttranslational modification on cysteine that improves resilience of soybean against salt stress.
“…factor MfNACsa is crucial for its nuclear import (Duan et al, 2017). A K-acetylation (in RINGLET 2, RLT2) and an N-glycosylation (in AT5G63280) sites also were found between the transcription factor family domain(TFFD)and the TMD domain (De Backer et al, 2022). In our study, we demonstrate that the oxidative PTM of GmNTL1 at cys-247 under salt stress enhances its translocation to the nucleus (Figure 9).…”
Section: Many Transcription Factors Have Been Shown To Participate In...supporting
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. Plant cells sense and transduce ROS signaling directly via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–mediated posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on protein cysteine residues. Here, we show that the H2O2-mediated cysteine oxidation of NAC WITH TRANS-MEMBRANE MOTIF1-LIKE 1 (GmNTL1) in soybean (Glycine max) during salt stress promotes its release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and translocation to the nucleus. We further show that an oxidative posttranslational modification on GmNTL1 residue Cys-247 steers downstream amplification of ROS production by binding to and activating the promoters of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG B (GmRbohB) genes, thereby creating a feed-forward loop to fine-tune GmNTL1 activity. In addition, oxidation of GmNTL1 Cys-247 directly promotes the expression of CATION H+ EXCHANGER 1 (GmCHX1)/SALT TOLERANCE-ASSOCIATED GENE ON CHROMOSOME 3 (GmSALT3) and Na+/H+ Antiporter 1 (GmNHX1). Accordingly, transgenic overexpression of GmNTL1 in soybean increases the H2O2 levels and K+/Na+ ratio in the cell, promotes salt tolerance, and increases yield under salt stress, while an RNA interference–mediated knockdown of GmNTL1 elicits the opposite effects. Our results reveal that the salt-induced oxidation of GmNTL1 promotes its relocation and transcriptional activity through an H2O2-mediated posttranslational modification on cysteine that improves resilience of soybean against salt stress.
“…Besides, GhSRS22 is a unique member of the GhSRSs, containing the transmembrane domain ( Figure 3C ) and belonging to plant membrane-bound transcription factors. The plant membrane-bound transcription factors are usually located in cellular membranes and represented in inactive state ( Liu et al., 2018 ; De Backer et al., 2022 ). However, the plant membrane-bound transcription factors are activated and relocate to the nucleus by protease cleavage of themselves in response to an intra- or extra-cellular trigger ( Kim et al., 2010 ; De Backer et al., 2022 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The plant membrane-bound transcription factors are usually located in cellular membranes and represented in inactive state ( Liu et al., 2018 ; De Backer et al., 2022 ). However, the plant membrane-bound transcription factors are activated and relocate to the nucleus by protease cleavage of themselves in response to an intra- or extra-cellular trigger ( Kim et al., 2010 ; De Backer et al., 2022 ). Consequently, GhSRS22 could play a crucial role in the regulation of the gene expression process under specific conditions.…”
Saline stress is a significant factor that caused crop growth inhibition and yield decline. SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) and SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) transcription factors are specific to plants and share a conserved RING-like zinc-finger domain (CX2CX7CX4CX2C2X6C). However, the functions of SHI/STY and SRS genes in cotton responses to salt stress remain unclear. In this study, 26 GhSRSs were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, which further divided into three subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis of 88 SRSs from8 plant species revealed independent evolutionary pattern in some of SRSs derived from monocots. Conserved domain and subcellular location predication of GhSRSs suggested all of them only contained the conserved RING-like zinc-finger domain (DUF702) domain and belonged to nucleus-localized transcription factors except for the GhSRS22. Furthermore, synteny analysis showed structural variation on chromosomes during the process of cotton polyploidization. Subsequently, expression patterns of GhSRS family members in response to salt and drought stress were analyzed in G. hirsutum and identified a salt stress-inducible gene GhSRS21. The GhSRS21 was proved to localize in the nuclear and silencing it in G. hirsutum increased the cotton resistance to salt using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system. Finally, our transcriptomic data revealed that GhSRS21 negatively controlled cotton salt tolerance by regulating the balance between ROS production and scavenging. These results will increase our understanding of the SRS gene family in cotton and provide the candidate resistant gene for cotton breeding.
“…Membrane-bound TFs (MTFs) are known to play a significant role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The MTFs get activated by proteolytic cleavage during environmental stresses [ 57 , 58 ].…”
Transcription factors (TFs) are the regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches in controlling stress-responsive gene expression. Among them, the MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest TF family in plants, playing a significant role in plant growth, development, phytohormone signaling and stress-responsive processes. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important C4 crop plants of the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Southeast Asia for sustaining food and fodder production. To explore the evolutionary mechanism and functional diversity of the MYB family in pearl millet, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey and identified 279 MYB TFs (PgMYB) in pearl millet, distributed unevenly across seven chromosomes of pearl millet. A phylogenetic analysis of the identified PgMYBs classified them into 18 subgroups, and members of the same group showed a similar gene structure and conserved motif/s pattern. Further, duplication events were identified in pearl millet that indicated towards evolutionary progression and expansion of the MYB family. Transcriptome data and relative expression analysis by qRT-PCR identified differentially expressed candidate PgMYBs (PgMYB2, PgMYB9, PgMYB88 and PgMYB151) under dehydration, salinity, heat stress and phytohormone (ABA, SA and MeJA) treatment. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for a prospective functional characterization of the MYB family members of pearl millet and their application in the genetic improvement of crop plants.
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