Proteoglycans in the notochord sheath of lampreys

Welsch, Ulrich; Erlinger, R.; Potter, I. C.

doi:10.1016/s0065-1281(11)80295-3

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Perlecan can be included in the CSPG family because it can be secreted in some tissues and cell lines in culture with CS GAG substitution (Hassell et al 1992). The combined presence of collagen (type II) and proteoglycans is conserved in the notochord and cartilage of higher vertebrates (Sandell 1994) as well as in the notochord sheath of lampreys (Welsch et al 1991). Our study revealed that this is also true of urochordates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyury‐downstream gene sets in a chordate, Ciona intestinalis: integrating notochord specification, morphogenesis and chordate evolution

Hotta

Takahashi

Satoh

et al. 2008

Evolution and Development

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In vertebrates, Brachyury, a T-box transcription factor gene, seems to have a dual role in the differentiation of axial midline mesoderm cells into notochord and gastrulation cell movements regulated by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling. To understand the function of Brachyury-downstream genes in chordate embryos, from a series of our survey on differential expression, including subtractive hybridization, dot-blot assays, EST sequences and the expression patterns in whole-mount in situ hybridization at embryonic stages, we developed a knowledge database called "CINOBI: CionaNotochord and Brachyury-downstream gene Index" to create comprehensive catalogues of Brachyury-downstream gene sets in Ciona intestinalis. Combining genome and large-scale cDNA data, we were able to characterize 450 non-redundant Brachyury-downstream genes: Twenty-four genes were newly annotated as notochord-expressed genes. Several genes are components of signaling pathways such as Wnt/PCP, Nf kappaB and TGF-beta signaling. We propose that Brachyury is linked to these pathways regulating the expression of each component, and such a regulatory mechanism might be conserved among chordates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyury‐downstream gene sets in a chordate, Ciona intestinalis: integrating notochord specification, morphogenesis and chordate evolution

Hotta

Takahashi

Satoh

et al. 2008

Evolution and Development

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“…Several immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies in both tetrapods (e.g., Pavola et al, 1980;Hay, 1984;Camón et al, 1990;Gotz et al, 1995;Ghanem, 1996) and cyclostomes (Kimura and Kamimura, 1982;Welsch et al, 1991) have demonstrated the presence of different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in intercellular spaces and under the basal lamina of the notochordal sheath, such as type I and II collagen fibers, sulphated glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin), and proteoglycans (e.g., decorin). However, the complete molecular nature of the notochord sheath-associated ECM proteins, and their possible role in the modulating signaling to or differentiation of neighbouring embryonic tissues (e.g., Ashkenas et al, 1996), are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Calymmin, a novel notochord sheath‐associated extracellular matrix protein in the zebrafish embryo

Cerdà

Gründ

Franke

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

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During the screening of a zebrafish postsomitogenesis embryo cDNA library, we have identified a cDNA corresponding to a novel type of protein localized to the notochordal sheath-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) of the embryo. The 4.049-kb mRNA encodes a predicted polypeptide of 1,207 amino acids (122 kDa, pI 10.50) with a potential signal peptide of 20 amino acids. After the signal peptide, the mature protein consists of 1,187 amino acids (119 kDa, pI 10.46), for which the name "Calymmin" (from Greek ␣ ␣, to envelop, to cover) is proposed. The Calymmin mRNA is highly and transiently expressed by the notochord cells of the embryo from the 10-to 12-somite stage to the pharyngula period (13 and 24 hours postfertilization, respectively), and light and electron microscopical immunolocalization analysis revealed that the protein was specifically localized within a granular and filamentous layer of the ECM compartment surrounding the notochord. In zebrafish no tail mutants (ntl tc41 ), in which the notochord precursor cells are present but fail to differentiate, the Calymmin protein was not detected, confirming the notochord origin of Calymmin. These results indicate that Calymmin is a novel constitutive protein of the ECM compartment associated to the perinotochordal sheath in the zebrafish embryo, which is specifically expressed by the differentiating notochord cells.

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“…The chordate notochord is an interesting tissue worth further mention. It provides skeletal support, is cellular, and the large vesicular cells are surrounded by an extracellular sheath containing both polysaccharides (including chondroitin sulphate; Welsch et al . 1991) and collagen types I and II (Eikenberry et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Cartilage is a metazoan tissue; integrating data from nonvertebrate sources

Cole

Hall

2004

Acta Zoologica

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Connective tissues are responsible for much of the variation in morphology that we see today. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is often considered to be restricted to vertebrates, however, cartilaginous tissues are also found within invertebrates. Unfortunately, most definitions and classification schemes for cartilages suffer from a strong vertebrate bias, severely hampering the efforts of those who have attempted to include invertebrate tissues as cartilage. To encompass all types of cartilage, current classification systems need to be expanded. Here we present vesicular cell‐rich as a new cartilage classification. Invertebrate cartilages, comparable to vertebrate cartilages at both cell and tissue levels, are composed of similar molecules, yet the extent to which they may be homologous is unknown. One option for studying the evolution of tissues is to adopt molecular phylogenetic approaches. However, the paucity of published molecular data makes addressing the evolution of cartilage using molecular phylogenetic approaches unrealistic at this time. Cartilage likely evolved from a chondroid connective tissue precursor, and may have been independently derived many times. The appearance of cartilaginous tissues of unknown phylogenetic affinities in such a wide diversity of animal groups warrants further investigation.

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Proteoglycans in the notochord sheath of lampreys

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Brachyury‐downstream gene sets in a chordate, Ciona intestinalis: integrating notochord specification, morphogenesis and chordate evolution

Brachyury‐downstream gene sets in a chordate, Ciona intestinalis: integrating notochord specification, morphogenesis and chordate evolution

Molecular characterization of Calymmin, a novel notochord sheath‐associated extracellular matrix protein in the zebrafish embryo

Cartilage is a metazoan tissue; integrating data from nonvertebrate sources

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