Proteins of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs

Back, Joan F.; Bain, Joan M; Vadehra, D. V.; Burley, R.W.

doi:10.1016/0167-4838(82)90329-6

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…4A). Two other known immune factors (1,15,29), the mannose binding protein (MBP) and a major constituent of hemocyte granules, the vitelline mem- brane outer layer protein I (VMO-I) (27), were transcribed in mature hemocytes only (Fig. 4A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these genes code for proteins known to be involved in defense reactions, such as VMO-I, MBP, and proteinase inhibitors (1,3,13,15,29), although there is little information available about to which extent, if any, they are effective in an antiviral response. Our experiments have, so far, not indicated that these proteins, with the exception of ALF, have a specific role in reducing viral replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Liu

Jiravanichpaisal

Söderhäll

et al. 2006

J Virol

230

112

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In a study of genes expressed differentially in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus infected experimentally with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), one protein, known as antilipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), was chosen, among those whose transcript levels increased upon viral infection, for further studies. ALF RNA interference (RNAi) experiments in whole animals and in cell cultures indicated that ALF can protect against WSSV infection, since knockdown of ALF by RNAi specifically resulted in higher rates of viral propagation. In a cell culture of hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) from P. leniusculus, quantitative PCR showed that knockdown of ALF by RNAi resulted into WSSV levels that were about 10-fold higher than those treated with control double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In addition, RNAi experiments with other crayfish genes that had been found to be up-regulated by a WSSV infection did not result in any changes of viral loads. Thus, the cell culture does not respond to dsRNA in a similar manner, as shown earlier for dsRNA injected into shrimp, which gave a higher degree of resistance to WSSV infection. If ALF transcription in whole animals was stimulated by the administration of UV-treated WSSV, a partial protection against a subsequent challenge with the active virus was conferred to the host. This is the first crustacean gene product identified with the capacity to interfere with replication of this important pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Liu

Jiravanichpaisal

Söderhäll

et al. 2006

J Virol

230

112

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“…The inner layer is transparent, encircles the blastodisc with yolk. The outer layer is whitish, has been described as inner portion of chalaziferous layer (Rahman et al 2007(Rahman et al , 2009b rather than outer vitelline membrane (Back et al 1982). …”

Section: Air Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to Morphology of the Reproductive System and Anatomy of Hens Egg

Rahman

2014

J Life Earth Sci

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The present study was designed to investigate the morphology of reproductive system and egg anatomy of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus L.). The system consists of oviduct and ovary. The oviduct consists of infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina which are sole distributor for making nutrition enriched egg. The anatomy of egg revealed that there are calcareous eggshell, shell membranes, egg white, vitelline membrane, egg yolk, and germinal disc. The fertilized egg showed a concentric circle around the nucleus known as blastoderm that contained area pellucida and area opaca whereas an unfertilized egg showed nucleus as white spot (blastodisc). Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are progenitor cells of ova and spermatozoa and they originate from the epiblast of the central part of the area pellucida. The microscopic structure of eggshell rendered leathery cuticle, fibrous matrix and shell membranes. The egg protects itself by its own mechanism from being injured and provides a complete diet for the developing embryo.

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“…After laying, the strength of the vitelline membrane decreases during storage owing to the degradation of its structural integrity and to the increase in the egg yolk volume (Fromm, 1964;Back et al, 1982;Kirunda and McKee, 2000;Chen et al, 2005;Jones and Musgrove, 2005). If the membrane degrades, components of the yolk can diffuse into the albumen, resulting in a dramatic decrease of the antimicrobial defences of the egg albumen.…”

Section: Effect On Vitelline Membrane Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

2014

EFSA Journal

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Salmonella Enteritidis is considered the only pathogen currently posing a major risk of egg-borne diseases in the European Union (EU). The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on the risk to consumers posed by S. Enteritidis was estimated by applying a quantitative model and comparing the actual situation regarding the storage of eggs in the EU with different possible scenarios combined, considering the prolongation of the bestbefore and the sell-by date from 7 to a maximum of 70 days. Extending the sell-by date by one week (from 21 to 28 days), but leaving the best-before date unchanged, is estimated to result in a relative risk of illness of 1.4 and 1.5 for uncooked and lightly cooked egg meals respectively, compared to the current situation. If the best-before date is also extended by one week (from 28 to 35 days), the relative risk would be 1.6 and 1.7. In the worst case scenario considered (sell-by date of 42 days, best before date of 70 days), such figures would be 2.9 and 3.5. It should be noted that the absolute risk is greater for uncooked meals compared to lightly cooked meals. An effective way to minimise any increase in risk during extended storage is to keep the eggs refrigerated both at retail and the household. Regarding egg spoilage, such events strongly depend on the hygienic conditions of egg production and practices of egg handling, including storage times and temperatures. Finally, the impact of the prolongation of storage time on the quality criteria for eggs (3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid) destined for manufacturing of egg products is considered negligible. Specifically, EFSA was asked to assess: (i) the public health risk posed by relevant pathogens and in particular by Salmonella in the consumption and handling of table eggs (Term of Reference, or ToR1), (ii) the public health risk deriving from deterioration (ToR2) and (iii) possible consequences for public health of an extended shelf-life of table eggs for the specific freshness criteria for egg products as laid out in the hygiene package (ToR3). © European Food Safety Authority, 2014 KEY WORDSIn order to answer the first ToR, the BIOHAZ Panel based its conclusions on the results of a quantitative model, aimed at describing the behaviour of Salmonella Enteritidis following vertical transmission, since this serovar is recognised to be the major pathogen related to egg-borne disease because of its ability to contaminate the interior of intact eggs during their formation within the body of an infected hen. The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on other serovars of Salmonella, as well as on other pathogens, is evaluated in a qualitative manner, with no individual serovar other than S. Enteritidis currently posing a major risk of egg-borne salmonellosis in the European Union (EU), although S. Typhimurium has been associated with relatively small outbreaks due to duck eggs. Trans-shell contamination (i.e. secondary contamination) is also discussed, but the impact of a prolongation of the shelf ...

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Proteins of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

An Introduction to Morphology of the Reproductive System and Anatomy of Hens Egg

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

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Proteins of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen's eggs

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Antilipopolysaccharide Factor Interferes with White Spot Syndrome Virus Replication In Vitro and In Vivo in the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

An Introduction to Morphology of the Reproductive System and Anatomy of Hens Egg

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An Introduction to Morphology of the Reproductive System and Anatomy of Hens Egg