Proteins of Human Follicular Fluid: The Blood-Follicle Barrier

Shalgi, Ruth; Kraicer, P. F.; Rimon, Abraham; Pinto, Mary Beth; Soferman, N

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)39730-8

Cited by 143 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the other hand, COF-M/L cows had greater levels of NEFA in the follicular fluid than in the plasma. It has been suggested that because VLDL-triacylglycerol is not capable of passing the follicle wall (63, 64), an increased follicular fluid concentration of NEFA might be a result of triacylglycerol hydrolysis, and its availability would favor its oxidation to obtain energy as shown in COF-M/L cows. In the current study, we found that COF-M/L cows had an increased expression of immunological markers, which might suggest an increased energy requirement in follicle milieu (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenic, Metabolic, and Immunological Markers in Dairy Cows Diagnosed With Cystic Ovarian Follicles at Early and Mid-Late Lactation

et al. 2019

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The etiology of cystic ovarian follicles (COF) remains a conundrum with steroidogenic, immunological, and metabolic dysfunctions linked to its development. Studies suggest that COF development may occur as a result of disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and the severity of a negative energy balance in dairy cows, but mid to late lactation cows diagnosed with COF are unlikely to have issues with energy metabolism. Herein, we characterized the mRNA expression of steroidogenic (LHCGR, StAR, CYP11A1, 3β-HSD, CYP19A), immunological (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TLR-4, TNF), and metabolic markers (IGF-1, IRS1) in follicular fluid; and plasma and follicular fluid levels of E2, IL-1β, glucose, and NEFA in early and mid-late lactation COF cows. Lactating dairy cows were diagnosed as having COF (n = 11, follicle >20 mm persistent for 7 days, absence of corpus luteum, and flaccid uterus) while 11 herdmates cycling with a dominant follicle were classified as the control cows. Cows diagnosed with COF were classified as early lactation (COF-E, n = 5) cows, <35 days in milk (DIM); or mid-late lactation (COF-M/L, n = 6), ≥118 DIM cows. Results revealed that mRNA expression StAR was greater (P < 0.01) in COF-E cows than COF-M/L cows and the control cows. The mRNA expression CYP19A1 was lower (P < 0.01) in COF-E cows and COF-M/L cows than in the control cows. The mRNA expression IL-6 and IRS-1 tended to be greater and lower, respectively, in COF-M/L cows compared to the control cows. The mRNA expression IGF-1 was greater (P < 0.01) in COF-E and COF-M/L cows than in the control cows. The plasma and follicular fluid concentration of NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) in COF-E cows than in COF-M/L and the control cows. Cows with COF-E had disturbances in steroidogenic and metabolic markers, while cows with COF-M/L had steroidogenic, immunological, and metabolic dysregulations, suggesting that COF pathogenesis may vary between early and mid-late lactation dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenic, Metabolic, and Immunological Markers in Dairy Cows Diagnosed With Cystic Ovarian Follicles at Early and Mid-Late Lactation

et al. 2019

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“…As of now the presence of AT mRNA and the localization of AT in the ovary remain to be investigated. Ovulation occurs in parallel with local inflammation, and vascular permeabilization, extravasation of plasma proteins, and fibrin deposition are observed in the outer layers of ovulatory follicles (19,71,72). Extravascular coagulation has been shown to be regulated by vascular permeability (73), and after ovulation a fibrin clot forms in the remnant antral cavity (74).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Hormonal Modulation of Anticoagulant Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Synthesized by Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Hosseini

Liu

Agostini

1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans endow the vascular endothelium with antithrombotic properties, but their role outside the vascular bed is unknown. Granulosa cells form an avascular compartment in the ovarian follicle, in which a heparin-like activity has been described. At ovulation extravascular coagulation occurs around ovulatory follicles, and after expulsion of the oocyte, a fibrin clot forms in the antral cavity. Granulosa cells synthesize two major heparan sulfate proteoglycans, whose anticoagulant nature has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to characterize anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Affinity purified 35S-labeled anticoagulant heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans represent 6.5% of the total heparan sulfate synthesized, and they contain 13% 3-O-sulfated disaccharides that are markers of the antithrombin-binding site of heparin. The biological activity of granulosa cell heparan sulfate proteoglycans was demonstrated by their ability to bind antithrombin and to accelerate the formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes. The impact of hormonal stimulation on granulosa cell anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans was studied using 125I-antithrombin binding assays. Follicle-stimulating hormone induced a redistribution of anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycans from the granulosa cell layer to the culture medium, indicating that their distribution could be modulated according to the stage of follicular development. These results suggest that anticoagulant heparan sulfate might be critically located in the follicle to maintain fluidity around the oocyte until its expulsion at ovulation.

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“…Lipoprotein remodeling and selective filtration by the blood follicle barrier are thought to be the main causes for the differences ( Fujimoto et al, 2010 ). The blood follicle barrier contains vascular endothelial cells, subendothelial basement membrane, theca interna, follicular basement membrane, and mural granulosa cells, providing a physical and biological selective filtration for molecules ( Shalgi et al, 1973 ). Previous studies showed that molecules with a weight under 500 kD are allowed to pass through this barrier, while molecules larger than 1000 kD cannot ( Shalgi et al, 1973 ).…”

Section: Lipoprotein Synthesis and Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Metabolic Process Involved in Oocyte Maturation During Folliculogenesis

Liu

Tian

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Oocyte maturation is a complex and dynamic process regulated by the coordination of ovarian cells and numerous extraovarian signals. From mammal studies, it is learnt that lipid metabolism provides sufficient energy for morphological and cellular events during folliculogenesis, and numerous lipid metabolites, including cholesterol, lipoproteins, and 14-demethyl-14-dehydrolanosterol, act as steroid hormone precursors and meiotic resumption regulators. Endogenous and exogenous signals, such as gonadotropins, insulin, and cortisol, are the upstream regulators in follicular lipid metabolic homeostasis, forming a complex and dynamic network in which the key factor or pathway that plays the central role is still a mystery. Though lipid metabolites are indispensable, long-term exposure to a high-fat environment will induce irreversible damage to follicular cells and oocyte meiosis. This review specifically describes the transcriptional expression patterns of several lipid metabolism–related genes in human oocytes and granulosa cells during folliculogenesis, illustrating the spatiotemporal lipid metabolic changes in follicles and the role of lipid metabolism in female reproductive capacity. This study aims to elaborate the impact of lipid metabolism on folliculogenesis, thus providing guidance for improving the fertility of obese women and the clinical outcome of assisted reproduction.

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Proteins of Human Follicular Fluid: The Blood-Follicle Barrier

Cited by 143 publications

References 15 publications

Steroidogenic, Metabolic, and Immunological Markers in Dairy Cows Diagnosed With Cystic Ovarian Follicles at Early and Mid-Late Lactation

Steroidogenic, Metabolic, and Immunological Markers in Dairy Cows Diagnosed With Cystic Ovarian Follicles at Early and Mid-Late Lactation

Characterization and Hormonal Modulation of Anticoagulant Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Synthesized by Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Lipid Metabolic Process Involved in Oocyte Maturation During Folliculogenesis

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