Proteins in assemblages formed by phase separation possess properties that promote their transformation to autoantigens: Implications for autoimmunity

Carl, Philip L.; Fried, Howard M.; Cohen, Philip L.

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102471

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…We also previously identified and validated five AAb biomarkers (PD1, P53, SIX2, EIF4E2, PD-L1) associated with the prognosis of patients of alveolar soft part sarcoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and lymphoma treated with PD1 immunotherapy . Since the first report of autoantibodies in 1945, hundreds of AAbs have been identified for a variety of different human diseases. , However, the information about the immunogenic properties of the AAgs remain limited. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Autoantigen Atlas: Searching for the Hallmarks of Autoantigens

Wang,

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2023

J. Proteome Res.

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Understanding autoimmunity to endogenous proteins is crucial in diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases. In this work, we developed a user-friendly AAgAtlas portal (), which can be used to search for 8045 non-redundant autoantigens (AAgs) and 47 post-translationally modified AAgs against 1073 human diseases that are prioritized by a credential score developed by multisource evidence. Using AAgAtlas, the immunogenic properties of human AAgs was systematically elucidated according to their genetic, biophysical, cytological, expression profile, and evolutionary characteristics. The results indicated that human AAgs are evolutionally conserved in protein sequence and enriched in three hydrophilic and polar amino acid residues (K, D, and E) that are located at the protein surface. AAgs are enriched in proteins that are involved in nucleic acid binding, transferase, and the cytoskeleton. Genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses further indicated that AAb production is associated with gene variance and abnormal protein expression related to the pathological activities of different tumors. Collectively, our data outlines the hallmarks of human AAgs that facilitate the understanding of humoral autoimmunity and the identification of biomarkers of human diseases.

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