Proteinbiosynthesen in dormanten und nachgereiften embryonen und samen von Agrostemma githago

Hecker, Michael; Bernhardt, D.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(76)85110-2

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Dormancy was originally thought to be maintained by the global repression of transcription or translation, thus preventing germination or growth in response to favorable environmental conditions. However, comparisons of total protein (Chen and Varner 1970, Cuming and Osborne 1978, Hecker and Bernhardt 1976, Stafstrom and Sussex 1988 and nucleic acid (Jarvis and Shannon 1981, Slater andBryant 1987) biosynthetic levels in dormant and nondorinant fissues have generally failed to support Received 5 October, 1992;revised 22 February, 1993 14-Fhysioi. Planl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormancy‐associated embryonic mRNAs and proteins in imbibing Avena fatua caryopses

Dyer

1993

Physiologia Plantarum

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The mechanisms controlling seed dormancy maintenance and release are not understood. To characterize the molecular events accompanying dormancy release, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to monitor changes in soluble proteins and in vitro translation products of embryonic mRNA populations during imbibition of dormant and nondormant (after‐ripened) Avena fatua L. caryopses. No differences were observed between in vitro translation products of mRNA extracted from dry dormant and nondormant embryos. However, the expression patterns of several imbibition‐ and germination‐associated mRNAs were temporally modulated during the first 24 h of imbibition. Two dormancy‐associated mRNAs, represented by polypeptides D1 and D2, were differentially overexpressed in dormant embryos after 3 h of imbibition. mRNA levels for D1 and D2 were about 8‐ and 3‐fold higher, respectively, in dormant embryos than in nondormant embryos after 3 h of imbibition. Overexpression of D1 continued through 12 h of imbibition, while expression of both mRNAs fell to low and equivalent amounts in dormant and nondormant embryos after 24 h. Similar dormancy‐associated changes in two soluble proteins were observed during imbibition. The results demonstrate that steady‐state levels of specific mRNAs and proteins change during early imbibition of dormant and nondormant A. fatua embryos and indicate that these changes may be associated with differential gene expression responsible for the maintenance of dormancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormancy‐associated embryonic mRNAs and proteins in imbibing Avena fatua caryopses

Dyer

1993

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…in activated cell cultures (29), the rate of protein synthesis was also found to increase during the lag phase between the induction and the onset of growth. The discrepancies with other reports on Agrostemma (18) and on seeds with the same type of dormancy (9,19,20) can be traced back to the pitfalls listed in the Introduction. When dormancy in D seeds was broken by imbibition at 4C, protein synthesis did not remain at a constant level after the initial increase but increased continuously just as in A seeds (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This demonstrates that in A Agrostemma seeds the low water content does not affect the protein-synthesizing machinery. The lower incorporation in A embryos during the first hours of imbibition may be due to damage of the protein-synthesizing machinery during the 1 year air-dry storage as suggested by Hecker and Bernhardt (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…lettuce (17), D and non-D seeds have equal rates of oxygen consumption. In addition, in a number of species, including Agrostemma (18), D and non-D seeds have similar levels of protein synthesis before growth commences (9,19,20). In contrast, in light-requiring and in hormone-stimulated seeds the rate ofprotein synthesis exceeds that of untreated, D seeds after the induction but before the onset of growth (16,24,27,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Protein Synthesis in Embryos of Dormant and Germinating Agrostemma githago L. seeds

Klerk

Smulders²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIThe time course of protein synthesis in embryos of dormant and afterripened Agrostemma githago seeds was studied. In embryos of afterripened geminating seeds, protein synthesis increased in three successive stages: (a) concurrent with swelling; (b) during the lag phase between the completion of water uptake and the onset of growth; and (c) immediately after protrusion through the seed coat. Embryos of dormant seeds showed the first increase but not the second unless dormancy was broken by imbibition at 4°C. This indicates that dormancy affects processes prior to the onset of growth. The third increase was largely due to higher oxygen availability after the rupture of the seed coat and not to actual growth. It could also be elicited in dormant embryos by isolating them from the seeds.Electrophoretic analysis of the newly synthesized proteins demonstrated that the patterns of dormant and afterripened embryos became significantly different in both axes and cotyledons only just prior to the onset of axis elongation. Thereafter, the differences became larger.When afterripened or dormant seeds were transferred from a low, germination-permitting to a high, germination-inhibiting temperature, the seeds germinated at the high temperature if they had completed the lag phase to a sufficient extent at the low temperature. This shows that the processes during the lag phase were inhibited by the high temperature while the onset of growth was not affected.The germination process of nondormant seeds can be divided into three successive phases: (a) the uptake of water; (b) a lag period during which processes seem to take place in preparation for growth; and (c) axis elongation together with a rupture of the seed coat (21,28 (9,19,20). In contrast, in light-requiring and in hormone-stimulated seeds the rate ofprotein synthesis exceeds that of untreated, D seeds after the induction but before the onset of growth (16,24,27,30). In all these studies, however, the actual differences in protein synthesis might have been obscured by differential dilution of applied precursors by the en- ' [3H]leucine and 10 mM unlabeled leucine were added. Since the embryos were isolated from the seeds just prior to labeling, this is considered to represent the course of protein synthesis in embryos of intact seeds. In one experiment, imbibition and incubation were carried out at 4°C. The incubation time was then 1 h. In another experiment, various concentrations of unlabeled leucine were added instead of 10 mM.To determine the time course of protein synthesis in isolated embryos, embryos were excised from seeds 6 h after the start of imbibition, preincubated for increasing periods in 10 mM KCI, 1 mm CaC12, and 50 MAg ml-' chloramphenicol after which they were incubated for 30 min in 38 kBq [3H]leucine and 10 mM unlabeled leucine. This will be referred to as the course ofprotein synthesis in isolated embryos.For electrophoretic analysis, samples of 10 embryos were isolated from seeds after various periods of imbibition at 20°C and incubated...

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Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Bewley¹

1982

Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Plants I

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Proteinbiosynthesen in dormanten und nachgereiften embryonen und samen von Agrostemma githago

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Dormancy‐associated embryonic mRNAs and proteins in imbibing Avena fatua caryopses

Dormancy‐associated embryonic mRNAs and proteins in imbibing Avena fatua caryopses

Protein Synthesis in Embryos of Dormant and Germinating Agrostemma githago L. seeds

Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

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