Proteinaceous Elicitors of Plant Defense Responses

Ricci, Pierre; Panabieres, F.; Bonnet, Philippe; Maia, N.; Ponchet, Michel; Devergne, J. C.; Marais, Antoine; Cardin, L.; Milat, Marie‐Louise; Blein, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1737-1_34

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The minimum amount of Nep1 required to induce cell death within 5 h was 5 ng/ml. The sensitivity of tobacco cells to Nep1 is similar to, if not greater than, their sensitivity to xylanase [19] and cryptogein [24]. Similar specific activity levels have been demonstrated for the Avr9 elicitor in Cf-9 tomato [42], the Pell 3 pectate lyase/elicitor in tobacco [43], and the host/cultivar specific toxin Tox A in wheat [7] when variations in experimental systems are taken into account.…”

Section: Cell Culture Experimentssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Pathogens may produce toxins [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] in various forms that promote disease development and many of which kill plant cells. Alternatively, pathogens may produce compounds such as proteins, small peptides, glycoproteins/peptides, or oligosaccharides [9][10][11][12] that activate mechanisms important in plant defense and are collectively known as elicitors. Many elicitors also kill plant cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the plant responses induced by fungal elicitors include: ion fluxes across the plasma membrane, generation of AOS, changes in phosphorylation of specific proteins, transcription activation of various defense genes, induction of phytoalexin synthesis, ethylene biosynthesis, and localized cell death (hypersensitive response). The defense responses elicited by the EIX from Trichoderma 6iride have been well-characterized [18][19][20][21], and a group of small molecular weight proteins from Phytophthora species, known as elicitins, have also received considerable research attention [22][23][24]. Some of these proteins, Harpin being the most detailed [25][26][27], are capable of inducing systemic acquired resistance that protects plants against multiple diseases and even insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

et al. 2001

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Section: Cell Culture Experimentssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

et al. 2001

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“…plete sequence of events involved in the induction of SAR (Ricci et al, 1993). For example, cryptogein is a 10-kD basic elicitin, secreted by Phytopktkora cryptogea, a fungus nonpathogenic to tobacco, which induces a HR-like necrosis after application on tobacco (Bonnet et al, 1986;Billard et al, 1988).…”

Section: Antibes Cedex Francementioning

confidence: 99%

RNase Activity Prevents the Growth of a Fungal Pathogen in Tobacco Leaves and Increases upon Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance with Elicitin

et al. 1997

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The hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) can be induced in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 1.) plants by cryptogein, an elicitin secreted by Pbytopbfbora crypfogea. Stem application of cryptogein leads to the establishment of acquired resistance to subsequent leaf infection with Pbytopbfbora parasitica var nicotianae, the agent of the tobacco black shank disease. We have studied early events that occur after the infection and show here that a tobacco gene encoding the extracellular S-like RNase NE is expressed in response to inoculation with the pathogenic fungus.Upon induction of SAR with cryptogein, the accumulation of NE transcripts coincided with a rapid induction of RNase activity and with the increase in the activity of at least two different extracellular RNases. Moreover, exogenous application of RNase activity in the extracellular space of leaves led to a reduction of the fungus development by up to 90%, independently of any cryptogein treatment and in the absence of apparent necrosis. These results indicate that the up-regulation of apoplastic RNase activity after inoculation could contribute to the control of fungal invasion in plants induced to SAR with cryptogein.

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“…chitinases) and of various other pathogenesis-related proteins. An integrative signal system obviously coordinates these activities among the invaded cells and their neighbors and at the systemic level (for recent reviews, see Ricci et al, 1993;Ebel and Cosio, 1994;Kombrink and Somssich, 1995). In cultured cells the primary responses evoked by the contact with exogenous elicitors can be grouped into (a) an oxidative burst, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shifts of Intracellular pH Distribution as a Part of the Signal Mechanism Leading to the Elicitation of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids

et al. 1998

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Cultured cells of Eschscholtzia californica (Californian poppy)respond to a yeast elicitor preparation or Penicillium cyclopium spores with the production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, which are potent phytoalexins. Confocal pH mapping with the probe carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1-acetoxymethylester revealed characteristic shifts of the pH distribution in challenged cells: within a few minutes after elicitor contact a transient acidification of cytoplasmic and nuclear areas occurred in parallel with an increase of the vacuolar pH. The change of proton concentration in the vacuole and in the extravacuolar area showed a nearly constant relation, indicating an efflux of vacuolar protons into the cytosol. A 10-min treatment with 2 mM butyric or pivalic acid caused a transient acidification of the cytoplasm comparable to that observed after elicitor contact and also induced alkaloid biosynthesis. Experimental depletion of the vacuolar proton pool reversibly prevented both the elicitor-triggered pH shifts and the induction of alkaloid biosynthesis. pH shifts and induction of alkaloid biosynthesis showed a similar dependence on the elicitor concentration. Net efflux of K ؉ , alkalinization of the outer medium, and browning of the cells were evoked only at higher elicitor concentrations. We suggest that transient acidification of the cytoplasm via efflux of vacuolar protons is both a necessary and sufficient step in the signal path toward biosynthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in Californian poppy cells.The induction of the biosynthesis of phytoalexins by external elicitors is one component of the multifactorial response of plants to pathogens. In plant tissues the production of plant-specific phytoalexins is usually in concert with the widely distributed reactions of the hypersensitive response complex: cross-linking of cell wall proteins, accumulation of phenolics, lignification, and production of antimicrobial exoenzymes (e.g. chitinases) and of various other pathogenesis-related proteins. An integrative signal system obviously coordinates these activities among the invaded cells and their neighbors and at the systemic level (for recent reviews, see Ricci et al., 1993;Ebel and Cosio, 1994;Kombrink and Somssich, 1995). In cultured cells the primary responses evoked by the contact with exogenous elicitors can be grouped into (a) an oxidative burst, i.e. the generation of reactive oxygen species (Apostol et al., 1989; Sutherland, 1991;Levine et al., 1994;Lamb and Dixon, 1997), and (b) perturbations of the cellular ionic balance, i.e. efflux of K ϩ and Cl Ϫ , influx of Ca 2ϩ , external alkalinization, and cellular acidification (Mathieu et al., 1991;Bach et al., 1993).Whereas in distinct species both groups of responses appear to be causally related (Nü rnberger et al., 1997), other findings argue that at least in some plants both responses are not necessarily coupled but rather belong to different signal paths that selectively convert signals from elicitor-binding sites at the plasma membrane into the activ...

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Proteinaceous Elicitors of Plant Defense Responses

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

RNase Activity Prevents the Growth of a Fungal Pathogen in Tobacco Leaves and Increases upon Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance with Elicitin

Shifts of Intracellular pH Distribution as a Part of the Signal Mechanism Leading to the Elicitation of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids

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