Protein synthesis in dorsal, ventral, animal and vegetal half-embryos of Xenopus laevis isolated at the 8-cell stage.

Shiokawa, K.; Saito, Akira; Kageura, H.; Higuchi, K.; Koga, Katsumi; Yamana, K.

doi:10.1247/csf.9.369

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The nature and identities of these dorsal determinants are not currently well defined. Previous experiments have shown that these putative cytoplasmic factors may be mRNA or proteins ( Klein and King, 1988 , Miyata et al, 1987 , Shiokawa et al, 1984 ). Further, it has been argued that cytoplasmic polyadenylation may be the mechanism for the change in dorsal inducing activity of total RNA isolated from the dorsal lineage between the 8- and 16-cell stages ( Pandur et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular asymmetry in the 8-cell stage Xenopus tropicalis embryo described by single blastomere transcript sequencing

Domenico

Owens

Grant

et al. 2015

Developmental Biology

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Correct development of the vertebrate body plan requires the early definition of two asymmetric, perpendicular axes. The first axis is established during oocyte maturation, and the second is established by symmetry breaking shortly after fertilization. The physical processes generating the second asymmetric, or dorsal–ventral, axis are well understood, but the specific molecular determinants, presumed to be maternal gene products, are poorly characterized. Whilst enrichment of maternal mRNAs at the animal and vegetal poles in both the oocyte and the early embryo has been studied, little is known about the distribution of maternal mRNAs along either the dorsal–ventral or left–right axes during the early cleavage stages. Here we report an unbiased analysis of the distribution of maternal mRNA on all axes of the Xenopus tropicalis 8-cell stage embryo, based on sequencing of single blastomeres whose positions within the embryo are known. Analysis of pooled data from complete sets of blastomeres from four embryos has identified 908 mRNAs enriched in either the animal or vegetal blastomeres, of which 793 are not previously reported as enriched. In contrast, we find no evidence for asymmetric distribution along either the dorsal–ventral or left–right axes. We confirm that animal pole enrichment is on average distinctly lower than vegetal pole enrichment, and that considerable variation is found between reported enrichment levels in different studies. We use publicly available data to show that there is a significant association between genes with human disease annotation and enrichment at the animal pole. Mutations in the human ortholog of the most animally enriched novel gene, Slc35d1, are causative for Schneckenbecken dysplasia, and we show that a similar phenotype is produced by depletion of the orthologous protein in Xenopus embryos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular asymmetry in the 8-cell stage Xenopus tropicalis embryo described by single blastomere transcript sequencing

Domenico

Owens

Grant

et al. 2015

Developmental Biology

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“…Several molecular markers for neural differentiation, such as N-CAM (2,11,17) and homeobox-containing gene transcripts (4, 25), have been described. Richter and his colleagues also reported cDNA clones specific to neural differentiation (27). The qualitative and quantitative changes in keratin derivatives and their genes were also investigated in Xenopus (1,7,9,15,16,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…University, Nagoya 453, Japan Department of General Education, Do170 trophoresis to analyze the changes of protein synthesis during early amphibian embryogenesis (3,27,29,30,31,32). But they were mainly involved in the analysis of animal-vegetal or dorsalventral polarity in Xenopus or in Ambystoma embryos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Synthesis during Neural and Epidermal Differentiation in Cynops Embryo

et al. 1991

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to analyze protein synthesis in relation to neural and epidermal differentiation in Cynops pyrrhogaster embryo. Various regions of embryos at different developmental stages, from late morula to early neurula stages, were excised, radiolabelled with 35S-methionine, and the pattern of protein synthesis were compared. The following four types of protein spots were observed: (1) six proteins synthesized characteristically in the epidermal region of the embryo after gastrulation, (2) two proteins synthesized in both epidermal and endodermal regions, but not in other regions, after gastrulation, (3) a protein first detected at early blastula stage, of which expression was nearly constant in presumptive epidermis region but declined in the other regions, (4) the candidate for neural plate specific protein synthesized at a very high level in ectoderm explants treated with concanavalin A, a substance which evokes neural induction.

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Correlations between cell fate and the distribution of proteins that are synthesized before the midblastula transition in Xenopus

Klein

King

1988

Roux's Arch Dev Biol

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The proteins synthesized before the 512-cell stage by Xenopus blastomeres with different fates were compared by one dimensional PAGE. Blastomeres that contributed more progeny to antero-dorsal axial structures produced proportionately more of two proteins of 225000 and 245000 daltons. Additionally, these proteins were reversibly increased in ventralized embryos and were decreased in dorsalized embryos. These observations indicate that some proteins that are synthesized during cleavage stages are expressed to different degrees in different regions of the embryo, that their expression can be correlated to cell fate in the normal embryo, and that their expression is altered quantitatively in dorsalized and ventralized embryos. The inverse relationship between the production of these proteins and the potential to produce dorsal structures in the normal and in dorsalized/ventralized embryos is consistent with a model in which cell fate is influenced by a gradient of particular proteins.

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Protein synthesis in dorsal, ventral, animal and vegetal half-embryos of Xenopus laevis isolated at the 8-cell stage.

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular asymmetry in the 8-cell stage Xenopus tropicalis embryo described by single blastomere transcript sequencing

Molecular asymmetry in the 8-cell stage Xenopus tropicalis embryo described by single blastomere transcript sequencing

Protein Synthesis during Neural and Epidermal Differentiation in Cynops Embryo

Correlations between cell fate and the distribution of proteins that are synthesized before the midblastula transition in Xenopus

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