Protein Synthesis in Cell-free Preparations from Drosophila melanogaster

Effect of thyroxine treatment on the transfer of amino acids from aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid into protein by cell-free extracts from tadpole liver

“…This would suggest that transfer enzymes are tightly bound to tadpole microsomes. (2) There is no absolute requirement for GTP, a finding which also agrees with the situation in Drosophila cellfree systems (Fox et al, 1965).…”

“…The first experiment was unsatisfactory because fresh preparations of pH 5 supernatant frequently showed little or no activity. This phenomenon has been described by Fox et al (1965) in the case of cell-free preparations from Drosophila melanogaster. The second experiment figure 11: Time course of incorporation of amino acids from [uC]aminoacyl-tRNA into ribosomes prepared from the livers of both thyroxine-treated and control tadpoles.…”

“…(1) Repeated washing in standard buffer only reduced the incorporating activity of tadpole microsomes by 40%. Lack of requirement of supernatant has been reported for D. melanogaster microsomes by Fox et al (1965) and for Saccharomyces fragilis ribosomes by Downey et al (1965). This would suggest that transfer enzymes are tightly bound to tadpole microsomes.…”

Cell-free protein synthesis in lysates of Drosophila melanogaster cells

“…Cell-free protein synthesizing systems made from Drosophila and other insects have been reported previously (Fox et al, 1965;Goldstein & Snyder, 1972;Han & Lipmann, 1966). Most notably these include fractionated and unfractionated systems derived from Drosophila embryos and adults.…”

Dreamers and dilettantes

“…In parallel, he found time to make the first steps towards establishing Drosophila cell culture (Horikawa & Fox, 1964; Horikawa et al , 1966), a tool that has become a standard complement to whole‐organism studies. His laboratory was also the first to develop protocols for cell‐free protein synthesis from a genetically tractable “higher” eukaryote (Fox et al , 1965). Subsequently, he pioneered early attempts at DNA transformation of flies (Fox & Yoon, 1966, 1970; Fox et al , 1970, 1971).…”