Protein Synthesis

Clark, David P.; Pazdernik, Nanette J.; McGehee, Michelle R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813288-3.00013-6

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The application of BONCAT allowed identifying a large diversity of phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes that had actively incorporated the methionine analogue into proteins. The fluorescent signal was generally located around the nucleus, where most cytoplasmic ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells and where protein synthesis occurs [ 55 ], as well as in chloroplasts and flagella ( Fig. 1 and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High amino acid osmotrophic incorporation by marine eukaryotic phytoplankton revealed by click chemistry

Mena,

Deulofeu-Capo,

Forn

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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The osmotrophic uptake of dissolved organic compounds in the ocean is considered to be dominated by heterotrophic prokaryotes, whereas the role of planktonic eukaryotes is still unclear. We explored the capacity of natural eukaryotic plankton communities to incorporate the synthetic amino acid L-homopropargylglycine (HPG, analogue of methionine) using biorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), and compared it with prokaryotic HPG use throughout a 9-day survey in the NW Mediterranean. BONCAT allows to fluorescently identify translationally active cells, but it has never been applied to natural eukaryotic communities. We found a large diversity of photosynthetic and heterotrophic eukaryotes incorporating HPG into proteins, with dinoflagellates and diatoms showing the highest percentages of BONCAT-labelled cells (49 ± 25% and 52 ± 15%, respectively). Among them, pennate diatoms exhibited higher HPG incorporation in the afternoon than in the morning, whereas small (≤5 μm) photosynthetic eukaryotes and heterotrophic nanoeukaryotes showed the opposite pattern. Centric diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, Lauderia spp.) dominated the eukaryotic HPG incorporation due to their high abundances and large sizes, accounting for up to 86% of the eukaryotic BONCAT signal, and strongly correlating with bulk 3H-leucine uptake rates. When including prokaryotes, eukaryotes were estimated to account for 19–31% of the bulk BONCAT signal. Our results evidence a large complexity in the osmotrophic uptake of HPG, which varies over time within and across eukaryotic groups, and highlights the potential of BONCAT to quantify osmotrophy and protein synthesis in complex eukaryotic communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High amino acid osmotrophic incorporation by marine eukaryotic phytoplankton revealed by click chemistry

Mena,

Deulofeu-Capo,

Forn

et al. 2024

ISME Communications

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“…The decoding of mRNA is performed after the transport of mRNA into the cytoplasm, where it becomes bound to the ribosome, and the placement of subsequent amino acid attached to transfer RNA (tRNA), i.e., aminoacyl-tRNA, in the A-site cleft of the ribosome. Finally, ribozyme, an integral part of the ribosome, catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids [ 160 ]. Since components of protein translation machinery are often deregulated in cancer, inhibitors of protein synthesis are a promising group of anticancer drugs.…”

Section: Small Molecule Anticancer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDA-Approved Drugs for Hematological Malignancies—The Last Decade Review

Sochacka-Ćwikła

Mączyński

Regiec

2021

Cancers

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Hematological malignancies, also referred to as blood cancers, are a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and persisting in the blood, lymph nodes, or bone marrow. The development of new targeted therapies including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T cell engagers, antibody-drug conjugates, recombinant immunotoxins, and, finally, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells has improved the clinical outcomes for blood cancers. In this review, we summarized 52 drugs that were divided into small molecule and macromolecule agents, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the period between 2011 and 2021 for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Forty of them have also been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). We analyzed the FDA-approved drugs by investigating both their structures and mechanisms of action. It should be emphasized that the number of targeted drugs was significantly higher (46 drugs) than chemotherapy agents (6 drugs). We highlight recent advances in the design of drugs that are used to treat hematological malignancies, which make them more effective and less toxic.

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“…Amino acids considered “non-essential” and synthesized endogenously include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline and serine synthesized from glucose; while cysteine is synthesized from the metabolism of methionine, tyrosine is synthesized from the metabolism of phenylalanine. Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine are rare amino acids made by modifying genetically encoded amino acids, cysteine and lysine, respectively, a process known as post-translational modification ( Clark et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Application Of Nutrition In Depression Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper accumulates in the brain in psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities ( Desai and Kaler, 2008 ). Selenium is essential in some enzymatic actions and the maintenance of the antioxidant capacity of the brain, where it is bound to the amino acid, selenocysteine ( Zoidis et al, 2018 , Clark et al, 2019 ). Selenium supplementation appears to exert antioxidant effect ( Zoidis et al, 2018 ), although high selenium intake is inversely associated with depression ( Nguyen et al, 2017 , Li et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Application Of Nutrition In Depression Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional therapy can reduce the burden of depression management in low income countries: A review

Ekong

Iniodu

2021

IBRO Neuroscience Reports

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Depression is a serious mental and mood disorder with global health and economic burden. This burden may be overwhelming in low income countries, although there are insufficient data. Most antidepressant formulations are predicated on the monoamine, neuroendocrine and neuro-inflammation hypotheses, with little or no cognizance to other neurochemicals altered in depression. A nutritional strategy with or without conventional antidepressants is recommended, as nutrition plays vital roles in the onset, severity and duration of depression, with poor nutrition contributing to its pathogenesis. This review discusses nutritional potentials of utilizing omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and herbs or their phytochemicals in the management of depression with the aim of reducing depression burden. Literature search of empirical data in books and journals in data bases including but not limited to PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar that might contain discussions of sampling were sought, their full text obtained, and searched for relevant content to determine eligibility. Omega-3 fatty and amino acids had significant positive anti-depression outcomes, while vitamins and minerals although essential, enhanced omega-3 fatty and amino acids activities. Some herbs either as whole extracts or their phytochemicals/metabolites had significant positive anti-depression efficacy. Nutrition through the application of necessary food classes or herbs as well as their phytochemicals, may go a long way to effectively manage depression. This therefore will provide inexpensive, natural, and non-invasive therapeutic means with reduced adverse effects that can also be applied alongside clinical management. This nutritional strategy should be given more attention in research, assessment and treatment for those with depression and other mental illness in low income countries, especially in Africa.

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Protein Synthesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

High amino acid osmotrophic incorporation by marine eukaryotic phytoplankton revealed by click chemistry

High amino acid osmotrophic incorporation by marine eukaryotic phytoplankton revealed by click chemistry

FDA-Approved Drugs for Hematological Malignancies—The Last Decade Review

Nutritional therapy can reduce the burden of depression management in low income countries: A review

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