Protein synthesis and transport in the regenerating goldfish visual system

Heacock, Anne M.; Agranoff, Bernard W.

doi:10.1007/bf00965529

Cited by 101 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Particular interest has been placed in identifying proteins that are induced in the ganglion neuronal cell during regeneration in this system (14,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Some of these proteins might prove regulatory and essential for the regeneration process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that both retinal RNA (9)(10)(11)(12) and protein (13)(14)(15) turnover increase following optic nerve axotomy. Specific retinal growthassociated proteins (GAPs) appear to be induced (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and there is a marked increase in the synthesis of constitutive cytoskeletal components, such as tubulin (14,17). Among the induced proteins, an acidic protein doublet (p68/70; pl 4.8-4.9) was detected by the in vivo labeling of newly synthesized proteins with radioactive precursors (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific retinal growthassociated proteins (GAPs) appear to be induced (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and there is a marked increase in the synthesis of constitutive cytoskeletal components, such as tubulin (14,17). Among the induced proteins, an acidic protein doublet (p68/70; pl 4.8-4.9) was detected by the in vivo labeling of newly synthesized proteins with radioactive precursors (17). It was further shown that the labeled doublet is axonally transported, confirming its origin in the axotomized retinal ganglion cells (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the induced proteins, an acidic protein doublet (p68/70; pl 4.8-4.9) was detected by the in vivo labeling of newly synthesized proteins with radioactive precursors (17). It was further shown that the labeled doublet is axonally transported, confirming its origin in the axotomized retinal ganglion cells (17). Subsequently, the expression of p68/70 was analyzed with a specific polyclonal antibody, and the results confirmed marked induction in retinal ganglion cells during regeneration (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Isolation of cDNA clones encoding RICH: a protein induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration with homology to mammalian 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases.

Ballestero

Wilmot

Leski

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Using data derived from peptide sequencing of p68/70, a protein doublet induced during optic nerve regener- (from regeneration-induced CNPase homolog) on the basis of the high degree of similarity of the protein with the mammalian myelin marker 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase; EC 3.1.4.37) (24). We have also confirmed by Northern blot and RNase-protection assays that RICH mRNA is induced during optic nerve regeneration. All of our data suggest that RICH is either identical with or very closely related to the p68/70 doublet.MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals. Goldfish (Carassius auratus; 6-9 cm in body length) were obtained from Grassy Forks Fisheries (Martinsville, IN), and maintained in aerated tanks at 25°C. Right optic nerve crush was performed intraorbitally under tricaine methanesulfonate anesthesia as described (25).Analysis of p68/70-Related RNA by RT-PCR. Total RNA was isolated by the acid guanidinium/phenol/chloroform extraction method (26) from 70 retinas 10 days after optic nerve crush (postcrush; PC). The corresponding poly(A)+ mRNA (R10) was purified by oligo(dT)-cellulose affinity chromatography (27) and used as template for the RT-PCR. Oligonucleotides were obtained from the University of Michigan DNA core facility. Ten degenerate oligonucleotides were designed from the sequence of five peptides derived from p68/70.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Isolation of cDNA clones encoding RICH: a protein induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration with homology to mammalian 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases.

Ballestero

Wilmot

Leski

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Rapidly axonally transported proteins associated with neuronal growth and regeneration have been identified (Skene and Willard, 1981;Heacock and Agranoff, 1982;Benowitz and Lewis, 1983;Katz et al, 1985). More recently, it has been demonstrated that one of these proteins, designated growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), is characteristic of growth cones (Meiri et al, 1986).…”

Section: Neuronal Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor Activation and Inositol Lipid Hydrolysis in Neural Tissues

Fisher

Agranoff

1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

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331

109

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Recent advances in our knowledge of the biochemistry, pharmacology, and cell biology of ligand-induced, stimulated turnover of inositol lipids in such diverse tissues as insect salivary glands, platelets, lymphocytes, and a number of exocrine glands have greatly altered our understanding of intracellular events leading to secretion, contraction, chemotaxis, and other cellular responses. Much of what has been learned regarding ligand-stimulated turnover of inosito1 lipids has come from nonneural systems, so that the presumption that signal transduction via this mechanism mediates significant steps in neural function must still be considered inferential. This reservation has been a major theme of a recent comprehensive review (Hawthorne, 1986). Nevertheless, that the brain contains large amounts of the substrates and enzymes of inositol lipid turnover and its associated second messenger systems and, further, that it is enriched with receptors that are linked to stimulated inositol lipid turnover argue strongly that the phosphoinositides indeed play an important role in brain function. There exist several general reviews on stimulated inositol lipid turnover (Bemidge, 1984;Bemdge and Irvine, 1984;Nishizuka, 1984Nishizuka, , 1986Hokin, 1985;Abdel-Latif, 1986;Downes, 1986;Williamson, 1986), including several that emphasize the nervous system (Downes, 1982(Downes, , 1983Fisher and Agranoff, 1986;Hawthorne, 1986; Nahorski et al., 1986). The present contribution emphasizes developments of neurochemical relevance since a review on the subject in this journal 8 years ago (Hawthorne and Pickard, 1979). CHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY OF INOSITOL LIPIDS AND INOSITOL PHOSPHATESThe inositol lipids Phosphatidylinositol (PI), depicted in Fig. lA, is a glycerophospholipid in which the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of glycerol are esterified to fatty acids, whereas the sn-3 position is phosphodiesterified to the 1)-1 position of myo-inositol. myo-Inositol is one of nine possible isomers of hexahydroxycyclohexane, which, in its preferred chair conformation, has one axial and five equatorial hydroxyl groups. The molecule can be likened to a turtle (Fig. 1B) in which the four legs and tail are the five equatorial hydroxyls, numbered counterclockwise from above, starting with the right foreleg as position D-1 (Fig. 1 C). The turtle's head is thus the axial hydroxyl at position D-2. The phosplhatidyl group in all of the phosphoinositides is linked to D-1 (the right foreleg).PI is synthesized in brain from a liponucleoiide intermediate, cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol (CDP-DG) (Agranoff et al., 1958), and inositol in the presAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. B. W. Agranoff at Neuroscience Laboratory Building, University of Michigan, 1103 East Huron, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1687, U.S.A.Abbreviations used: ACh, acetylcholine; ACTH, corticotropin ( I-24)tetracosapeptide; APB, ~~-2-amino-4-phosphobutyric acid; APV, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate; CDP-DG, cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol; DG, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol; GAP, growthassociated ...

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Induction of ?1-tubulin gene expression during development and regeneration of the fish central nervous system

et al. 1998

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The ␣1and ␣2-tubulin encoding genes were cloned from a goldfish genomic DNA library. ␣1and ␣2-tubulin RNA expression was examined in developing and adult retinas. These studies demonstrated increased ␣1-tubulin RNA in presumptive ganglion cells that grow axons early in retinal development and in adult retinal ganglion cells whose optic axons had been damaged. The ␣2-tubulin RNA was undetectable in developing retina and constitutively expressed in adult retinal ganglion cells regardless of optic nerve crush. To determine if these changes in ␣1-tubulin RNA reflected changes in ␣1-tubulin promoter activity, we introduced into zebrafish embryos and adult goldfish retinal explants expression vectors harboring the ␣1tubulin gene's promoter. These studies showed that the ␣1-tubulin promoter confers a developmentally regulated, neuron-restricted pattern of reporter gene expression in vivo and its activity is increased in adult retinal neurons induced to regenerate their axons. Promoter deletions defined regions of ␣1-tubulin DNA necessary for this pattern of expression. These results suggest that DNA sequences necessary for ␣1-tubulin gene induction during central nervous system development and regeneration are contained within the ␣1-tubulin gene's 5flanking DNA and that this promoter will be useful for identifying these elements and their DNA binding proteins.

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Protein synthesis and transport in the regenerating goldfish visual system

Cited by 101 publications

References 38 publications

Isolation of cDNA clones encoding RICH: a protein induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration with homology to mammalian 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases.

Isolation of cDNA clones encoding RICH: a protein induced during goldfish optic nerve regeneration with homology to mammalian 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases.

Receptor Activation and Inositol Lipid Hydrolysis in Neural Tissues

Induction of ?1-tubulin gene expression during development and regeneration of the fish central nervous system

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