Protein Supplementation Does Not Maximize Adaptations to Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training in Sedentary, Healthy Adults: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Study

Abstract

There is ample evidence that specific nutritional strategies can enhance adaptions to resistance and endurance training. However, it is still unclear whether post-session protein supplementation may increase the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT). We examined the impact of LOW-HIIT combined with protein vs. placebo supplementation on cardiometabolic health indices in sedentary healthy individuals. Forty-seven participants (31.1 ± 8.0 yrs) performed cycle ergometer LOW-HIIT (5–10x1 min at 80–95% maximum heart rate) for eight weeks and randomly received double-blinded 40 g of whey protein (PRO-HIIT, N = 24) or an isocaloric placebo (maltodextrin, PLA-HIIT, N = 23) after each session. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max, primary outcome) and several secondary cardiometabolic outcomes were determined pre-/post-intervention. VO2max increased in PRO-HIIT (+2.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.003) and PLA-HIIT (+3.5 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in PRO-HIIT (−7/3 mmHg, p < 0.05) and PLA-HIIT (−8/5 mmHg, p < 0.001). Gamma glutamyl transferase (−2 U/L, p = 0.003) decreased in PRO-HIIT and alanine aminotransferase (−3 U/L, p = 0.014) in PLA-HIIT. There were no significant between-group differences in any of the outcome changes. In conclusion, LOW-HIIT improved VO2max and other cardiometabolic markers irrespective of the supplementation condition. Post-session protein supplementation does not seem to provide any additional benefit to LOW-HIIT in improving cardiometabolic health in sedentary healthy individuals.

Blood Pressure Response against Sedentary Lifestyle and Caffeine Ingestion in Population: A Cross Sectional Study

“…However, drinking coffee for two weeks did not seem to increase blood pressure. Previous research has shown conflicting findings regarding the relationship between blood pressure and coffee and caffeine consumption 17 . Randomized controlled trials have indicated that short-term consumption of caffeine or coffee leads to an immediate elevation of 2/1 mm Hg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to decaffeinated coffee or abstention 18 .…”

Exploring Therapeutic Applications of Autophagy in Spike Protein-Related Pathology

“…It can be consumed exogenously and is found in high concentrations in wheat germ and other vegetables [128,129], though conflicting information exists on whether supplementation raises polyamine levels. Studies show that oral polyamine intake raises levels [130,131] supplementation does not appear to raise spermidine levels [132]. However, spermidine supplementation shows improvement in cognitive function in animal models [133].…”