Protein Source, Quantity, and Time of Consumption Determine the Effect of Proteins on Short-Term Food Intake in Young Men

Abstract

The objective of these 4 studies was to describe the effects of protein source, time of consumption, quantity, and composition of protein preloads on food intake in young men. Young men were fed isolates of whey, soy protein, or egg albumen in sweet and flavored beverages (400 mL) and provided a pizza meal 1-2 h later. Compared with the water control, preloads (45-50 g) of whey and soy protein, but not egg albumen, suppressed food intake at a pizza meal consumed 1 h later. Meal energy intake after egg albumen and soy, but not after control or whey treatments, was greater when the treatments were given in the late morning (1100 h) compared with earlier (0830-0910 h). Suppression of food intake after whey protein, consumed as either the intact protein or as peptides, extended to 2 h. Altering the composition of the soy preload (50 g) by reducing the soy protein content to 25 g and by adding 25 g of either glucose or amylose led to a loss in suppression of food intake by the preload. Egg albumen, in contrast to whey and soy preloads, increased cumulative energy intake (sum of the energy content of the preload plus that in the test meal) relative to the control. We conclude that protein source, time of consumption, quantity, and composition are all factors determining the effect of protein preloads on short-term food intake in young men.

Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: a controlled trial

“…Also, Soenen and Westerterp-Plantenga (2007) found similar effects of milk and SSSD on appetite sensations in a 140-min intervention. The different results may be because of the fact that the effect of milk on satiation sensations and subsequently on EI grows over time and is most pronounced after 2 h or longer after the milk intake (Anderson et al, 2004;Dove et al, 2009). Dove et al (2009) performed a study rather like ours with a test drink followed by an ad libitum meal 4 h later.…”

Effect of drinking compared with eating sugars or whey protein on short-term appetite and food intake

“…21,28,[31][32][33] Caloric compensation was three times more at a meal following protein consumption than carbohydrate (Table 2 and 3).…”

“…Sample size was calculated on the basis of previous short-term FI studies on sugar 20 and protein. 21,22 Subjects were financially compensated for participating in the studies. The Human Subjects Review Committee of the Ethics Review Office of the University of Toronto approved the procedures of the experiments.…”

“…Whey protein was selected because whey protein suppresses FI more than sugar and egg albumin when consumed in liquid form, 21 and it is often consumed in beverage forms. However, a comparison of its effect when consumed in liquid and solid forms has not been reported.…”

Bioactivity in Whey Proteins Influencing Energy Balance

“…Akhavan et al showed that whey protein concentrate (20-40 g) dose dependently reduces subsequent (30 min) ad libitum pizza meal energy intake in lean subjects, with 40g having the greatest impact compared to the water control [4]. This effect extends up to 2 h in lean subjects [5]. In comparison to casein, whey proteins (48 g) delay the desire to eat a subsequent meal by up to 180 mins in lean subjects [6], suggesting that the whey proteins induce satiety in comparison to casein intake.…”