Protein S-nitrosylation in plants under abiotic stress: an overview

Abstract

Abiotic stress is one of the main problems affecting agricultural losses, and understanding the mechanisms behind plant tolerance and stress response will help us to develop new means of strengthening fruitful agronomy. The mechanisms of plant stress response are complex. Data obtained by experimental procedures are sometimes contradictory, depending on the species, strength, and timing applied. In recent years nitric oxide has been identified as a key signaling molecule involved in most plant responses to abiotic stress, either indirectly through gene activation or interaction with reactive oxygen species and hormones; or else directly, as a result of modifying enzyme activities mainly by nitration and S-nitrosylation. While the functional relevance of the S-nitrosylation of certain proteins has been assessed in response to biotic stress, it has yet to be characterized under abiotic stress. Here, we review initial works about S-nitrosylation in response to abiotic stress to conclude with a brief overview, and discuss further perspectives to obtain a clear outlook of the relevance of S-nitrosylation in plant response to abiotic stress.

The Type II NADPH Dehydrogenase Facilitates Cyclic Electron Flow, Energy-Dependent Quenching, and Chlororespiratory Metabolism during Acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to Nitrogen Deprivation

“…amino acids, nucleic acids, and various metabolites) and also participates in posttranslational modifications of proteins (e.g. S-nitrosylation; Romero- Puertas et al, 2013). Importantly, N is highly abundant in chloroplasts in the form of DNA, ribosomes, Chl, and polypeptides (e.g.…”

Interactive effects of nitric oxide and glutathione in mitigating copper toxicity of rice (Oryza sativaL.) seedlings

“…31 GSNO-mediated S-nitrosylation of thiol, nitration of tyrosine, glutathiolation, and binding to metal centers modulates the functions of various ion channels, G-proteins, respiratory proteins, transcription factors, and multiple enzymes and thereby appears to have a significant physiological and biochemical importance in NO metabolism in plants. [32][33][34] Antioxidant enzymes such as APX, GR, DHAR, CAT, and GAPDH are subjected to S-nitrosylation during environmental stresses and indicate an important role of GSNO in ROS metabolism. 32 So far the presence of GSNO and its modulation have been reported in several plant species under biotic and abiotic stress conditions.…”

“…[32][33][34] Antioxidant enzymes such as APX, GR, DHAR, CAT, and GAPDH are subjected to S-nitrosylation during environmental stresses and indicate an important role of GSNO in ROS metabolism. 32 So far the presence of GSNO and its modulation have been reported in several plant species under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. [33][34][35] However, very few studies are directed toward the effects of exogenous GSNO on its endogenous level and modification of potential proteins under stress conditions.…”

“…29,30 NO regulates different processes by inducing gene expression, mobilizing second messengers, and modulating lipid signaling and post-translational modification of numerous proteins. 30,32 GSNO plays vital roles in NO-mediated post translational modification of proteins. 31 GSNO-mediated S-nitrosylation of thiol, nitration of tyrosine, glutathiolation, and binding to metal centers modulates the functions of various ion channels, G-proteins, respiratory proteins, transcription factors, and multiple enzymes and thereby appears to have a significant physiological and biochemical importance in NO metabolism in plants.…”

Disarming the Assassins within: Plant Cells Use S-Nitrosylation to Deactivate the HopAI1 Effector

“…NO accumulates to high levels following pathogen recognition (reviewed in Bellin et al, 2013) and mediates S-nitrosylation, a protein modification where a NO group is covalently bound to cysteine. S-nitrosylation alters protein activity, localization, and proteinprotein interactions and has important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress (reviewed in Romero-Puertas et al, 2013).…”