Nitric oxide in metabolism regulationNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule able to modify protein structure and activity (Rizza and Filomeni, 2017). The addition of the NO moiety to a cysteine thiol is called S-nitrosylation, which is establishing as one of the major NO-induced protein posttranslational modifications involved in cell signaling (Fernando et al., 2019). In the presence of oxygen-and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly superoxide (O 2 -)-NO can also give rise to other biologically active compounds, such as peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) (Fernando et al., 2019). Peroxynitrite is highly reactive and commonly recognized being detrimental to macromolecules, as it can cause irreversible modifications to lipids (peroxidation) and proteins (tyrosine nitration) (Radi, 2018). Nitric oxide is endogenously generated by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), a family of three isozymes (neuronal, endothelial, and inducible) whose subcellular localization and activation influence NO target selectivity (Benhar et al., 2009). NO and NO-derived species (e.g., N 2 O 3 , NO + ) can directly react with thiol groups in proteins or in sulfhydryl-containing low molecular weight molecules, such as glutathione, free cysteine, and Coenzyme A (CoA). Otherwise, Snitroso (SNO) groups can be generated via transnitrosylation, the transfer of an NO moiety between thiols and S-nitrosothiols (thiol/nitrosothiol exchange) (Nakamura et al., 2021). This mechanism is also the basis of protein denitrosylation, which is the process required to remove NO from S-nitrosothiols and regenerate protein thiol pools. Three are the denitrosylases so far characterized: i) S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR); ii) S-nitroso-CoA reductase (ScoR) and iii) thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). All these enzymes do not directly react with S-nitrosylated proteins, but specifically recognize, and remove, the NO moiety from small S-nitrosothiols (S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-CoA and thioredoxin, respectively) generated by transnitrosylation with S-nitrosylated proteins (Rizza and Filomeni, 2017).