Protein S: a Central Regulator of Blood Coagulation

Alshaikh, Nahla

doi:10.7754/clin.lab.2021.211010

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, there is no publication about protein C deficiency and COVID-19 infection and/or the COVID-19 vaccine in the literature. Protein S deficiency is one of the hypercoagulability syndromes, and the synthesis of this plasma protein depends on vitamin K. Protein S has a central role in protein coagulation, and deficiency of protein S causes thrombotic complications in COVID-19-infected individuals ( 45 , 46 ). On the contrary, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has been reported in a patient with protein S deficiency following COVID-19 vaccination; thus, people with thrombophilia should be followed closely after vaccination or during COVID-19 ( 47 ).…”

Section: The Impact Of Covid-19 Vaccines On People With Hematological...mentioning

confidence: 99%

People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination

Aydemir

Ulusu²

2023

Front. Med.

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Section: The Impact Of Covid-19 Vaccines On People With Hematological...mentioning

confidence: 99%

People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination

Aydemir

Ulusu²

2023

Front. Med.

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“…Hubungan kuat antara defisiensi protein S baik secara herediter atau didapat dengan peningkatan resiko thrombosis vena menunjukkan bahwa protein S memiliki peran penting dan sentral dalam mengatur kaskade koagulasi baik (Alshaikh, 2022). Selanjutnya, defisiensi Protein S juga berkaitan dengan terjadinya aterosklerosis (Suleiman et al, 2013. Aterosklerosis mengacu pada akumulasi lemak atau material fibrosa pada lapisan tunika intima arteri yang menyebabkan penyumbatan pembuluh darah arteri (Libby et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Protein S Defficiency and The Mechanism of Protein S in Hemostasis and Atherosclerosis

Agistany,

Ramadhan,

Rizki

et al. 2023

JBT

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Protein S (PS) is Vitamin K dependant protein which plays a role in regulating the blood clotting process in the body. Protein S deficiency is explained as a condition characterized by reduced levels of protein S in the serum so that it makes the blood clot too easily. The purpose of this literature review is to give an update of protein S defficiency and the mechanism of protein s in hemostasis and atherosclerosis based on publish literature reference from various database. Protein S plays important role in hemostasis by regulating blood cloth process in the initiation phase of the extrinsic pathway as a TFPI cofactor or in the propagation phase, namely as an APC cofactor and independent activity of TFPIα and APC. Protein S deficiency is known to be associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis via the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor. The main clinical manifestations of the majority of patients with heterozygous mutations in the protein S (PROS1) gene are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism that precipitate by VTE. Administration of anticoagulant drugs such as heparin in the form of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin, vitamin K antagonists (VKA), namely warfarin, or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can be selected as a management of protein S deficiency with VTE. Protein S has a central role in the coagulation prosses and its deficiency associated with atherosclerotic conditions.

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“…The cause of thrombotic complications is multifactorial, resulting from an imbalance between the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems [6]. Tissue Factor (TF) is a major initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway and is involved in the hemostatic system during pregnancy and delivery [7,8]. TF has been reported to contribute to the generation of hypercoagulable and prothrombotic states under physiological conditions (e.g., normal pregnancy) and pathological conditions (e.g., preeclampsia and cancer) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitors as Potential Targets for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia

et al. 2023

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Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that causes maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia is associated with complex abnormalities of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system. Tissue factor (TF) is involved in the hemostatic system during pregnancy, while the Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) is a major physiological inhibitor of the TF-initiated coagulation cascade. The imbalance in hemostatic mechanisms may lead to a hypercoagulable state, but prior research has not comprehensively investigated the roles of TFPI1 and TFPI2 in preeclamptic patients. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the biological functions of TFPI1 and TFPI2 and discuss future directions in preeclampsia research. Methods: A literature search was performed from inception to 30 June 2022 in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: TFPI1 and TFPI2 are homologues with different protease inhibitory activities in the coagulation and fibrinolysis system. TFPI1 is an essential physiological inhibitor of the TF-initiated extrinsic pathway of coagulation. On the other hand, TFPI2 inhibits plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis and exerts antifibrinolytic activity. It also inhibits plasmin-mediated inactivation of clotting factors and maintains a hypercoagulable state. Furthermore, in contrast to TFPI1, TFPI2 suppresses trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion and promotes cell apoptosis. TFPI1 and TFPI2 may play important roles in regulating the coagulation and fibrinolytic system and trophoblast invasion to establish and maintain successful pregnancies. Concentrations of TF, TFPI1, and TFPI2 in maternal blood and placental tissue are significantly altered in preeclamptic women compared to normal pregnancies. Conclusions: TFPI protein family may affect both the anticoagulant (i.e., TFPI1) and antifibrinolytic/procoagulant (i.e., TFPI2) systems. TFPI1 and TFPI2 may function as new predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia and navigate precision therapy.

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Protein S: a Central Regulator of Blood Coagulation

Cited by 3 publications

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People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination

People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination

Protein S Defficiency and The Mechanism of Protein S in Hemostasis and Atherosclerosis

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitors as Potential Targets for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia

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