Protein Reserves: Evidence for Their Utilization under Nutritional and Disease Stress Conditions

Fisher, Hans; Grun, John; Shapiro, R.; Ashley, John H.

doi:10.1093/jn/83.2.165

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The concept of mammals having a store of protein in tissues that is capable of being depleted in times of stress and thereby contributing to the free amino acid pools of the body has been well documented for rats (Allison & Wannemacher, 1965), chicks (Fisher et al 1964) and cattle (Paquay et al 1972;Biddle et al 1975). The body's major protein reserve is reported to be found in skeletal muscle (Swick & Benevenga, 1977) and can represent approximately 250 g/kg body protein (Allison & Wannemacher 1965;Botts et al 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal protein reserves and their influence on lactational performance in rats

1994

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To determine the contribution of tissue protein reserves to lactational performance, multiparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated, caged individually and offered a diet high in protein (215 g crude protein (N x 6.25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM);H) ad lib. until day 12 of gestation. Subsequently half the rats continued to receive diet H while the remainder were offered a diet low in protein (65 g CP/kg D M ; L) until parturition. This treatment aimed to produce a difference in carcass protein at parturition. On day 1 of lactation females were allocated to either diet H or a low-protein diet (90 g CP/kg DM;L,) offered until day 13 of lactation, giving four lactation treatment groups HH, HL,, L H and LL,. Groups of females were slaughtered on days 2 and 12 of gestation and days 1 and 13 of lactation and carcass and major organs were analysed. Weight gain of standardized litters was used as an indicator of lactational performance. Maternal carcass protein contents at parturition were 43.5 (SE 1.2) and 38.7 (SE 0.8) g (P < 0.01) for diets H and L respectively. During lactation there was little change in carcass protein content of HH rats while L H rats appeared to replenish their depleted reserves. Food intake or lactational performance did not differ between these two groups. HL, and LL, rats lost carcass protein with HL, rats losing more than LL, rats (P < 0.05). Intake and lactational performance were reduced compared with that on diet H (P < 0.05) but for the first 6 d of lactation were both greater (P < 0.05) for diet HL, than for diet LL,. All four groups showed a considerable loss of body fat during lactation which was not affected by diet. The ability of HL, rats to catabolize more protein and consume more food allowed them to sustain a greater lactational performance. Previous maternal protein depletion had no influence on lactational performance as long as an adequate supply of dietary protein was provided.

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confidence: 99%

Maternal protein reserves and their influence on lactational performance in rats

1994

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“…Although beyond this time, the trend remained in favor of the high protein group, the differences were no longer statistically significant. We assume, based on our earlier experience (Fisher et al, 1964;Wessels and Fisher, 1965), that this is due to greater nitrogen retention by the birds pre-fed the high protein diet. During the pre-feeding period and following the standardization period, the cocks receiving the 14% protein diet consumed 55.8 ± 3.0 grams of nitrogen per at University of Nebraka-Lincoln Libraries on April 11, 2015 http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from bird while those on the lower protein diet consumed 31.8 ± 1.7 grams of nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diets [described previously (Fisher et al, 1964)] had similar calorie-protein ratios through the addition of extra corn oil, at the expense of glucose, to the high protein (27%) diet. One hundred crossbred male chicks (New Hampshire males X Columbian females) were distributed into two groups of SO birds each at one day of age.…”

Section: Protein Reserves and Survival Of Cocks Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supported in part by Grant-in-Aid from the U.S. Public Health Service A-4904. Previously we pointed out (Fisher et al, 1964) that the supernormal protein diet used by Halac and Holt was not balanced with respect to calories, and that in one of their experiments, the protein in the control diet was in excess of the protein needs of the growing rat. Poultry Sci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…E VIDENCE for the usefulness of protein reserves in growing chickens during disease stress and during stress imposed by protein-imbalanced diets has been presented by Fisher et al (1964). On the other hand Halac (1961Halac ( , 1962 and Holt et al (1962) on the basis of studies in which survival on protein-free diets constituted the major stress, reached the opposite conclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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