Protein Phosphorylation and Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas of the Rat

Abstract

The kinetics of endogenous protein phosphorylation and resultant phosphopro-tein patterns were investigated in well-differentiated (DMTC) and undifferentiated (AMTC) medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat. Cytosolic or particulate fractions from these tumors were incubated with γ-32P-ATP in the presence of various effectors. Phosphorylation appeared to be predominantly independent of exogenously added cyclic AMP. Magnesium and manganese were equally effective cofactors. For both tumor types ³²P incorporation into cytosolic proteins was maximal within 3–4 min after addition of ATP and subsequently decreased gradually within 1 h. In contrast, in particulate preparations maximal incorporation was reached within 30 s and remained constant over a relatively long time span. In both cases, however, ³²P incorporation in extracts from DMTCs were 50–100% higher as compared to AMTCs. Comparison of the phosphoprotein patterns of each tumor after in vitro phosphorylation showed some significant differences. A phosphoprotein with molecular weight of 90 kilodalton (90 kD) was exclusively expressed in the cytosol of DMTC, whereas 99- and 84-kD phosphoproteins were only present in the cytosol of AMTC. The DMTC particulate fraction contained two phosphoproteins (with molecular weights of 40 and 37 kD), which were absent from that of AMTC. In addition, a number of proteins were more intensely phosphorylated in one of the tumors, e.g. proteins of 94 and 33 kD in DMTC cytosol and a protein of 78 kD in AMTC cytosol. Calcium induced phosphorylation of five proteins in DMTC cytosol (with molecular weights of 69, 55, 49, 43 and 32 kD), which were less intensely or not phosphorylated in AMTC. Tyrosine kinase activity was investigated using exogenously added poly(glutamine:tyrosine, 4:1) as an artificial substrate. Cytosolic tyrosine kinase activity in DMTC was ± 50% higher than in AMTC (11.9 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 1.7 pmol/mg/min, respectively). The enzyme activities in the paniculate preparations were much higher than in the cytosols ( ± 100 pmol/mg/min), although considerable variations in enzyme activity between different tumors of either type were observed. Quantitative differences in tyrosine kinase activity between AMTC and DMTC particulate fractions did not seem to exist using this substrate. Phosphoamino acid analysis of endogenously phosphorylated proteins in both AMTC and DMTC showed phosphotyrosine to be present only in cytosolic proteins within the 50-kD molecular weight region, the majority of ³²P being on serine and some on threonine. Thus, this study shows that significant differences in protein phosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity exist between these well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas.

Subunit‐specific phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase in medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat

“…In the present and previous studies [12] we showed that the expression of K-type pyruvate kinase is favored in correlation with the dedifferentiation of medullary thyroid carcinomas in accordance with observations on many other tumors [3,11]. We now show that in these tumors K4-type pyruvate kinase can be phosphorylated by a cAMPindependent protein kinase on a serine residue, whereas the M-subunit containing homo-and heterotetramers are not.…”

“…Pyruvate kinase activity was assayed as described before [12]. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis and subsequent activity staining of pyruvate kinase isozymes were performed according to previously described methods [12].…”

“…Recently, we described the isozyme pattern and kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase from differentiated and undifferentiated medullary thyroid carcinomas of the rat [12]. Pyruvate kinase from AMTC was characterised by the predominance of K-type isoenzyme and a loss of M-subunits with respect to DMTC.…”