Protein Oxidation and Proteolytic Degradation General Aspects and Relationship to Cataract Formation

Davies, Kelvin J.A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5730-8_77

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Limited information is available on composition and activity of the proteasome or molecular chaperones in aging. Initial studies have indicated defects in proteasome activity in disease and aging [19,[116][117][118] . [For references 119-129 see table 2.]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Modification of Proteins: Age-Related Changes

Chakravarti¹,

Chakravarti²

2006

Gerontology

155

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon which involves progressive loss of different physiological functions of various tissues of living organisms. It is the inevitable fate of life and is a major risk factor for death and different pathological disorders. Based on a wide variety of studies performed in humans as well as in various animal models and microbial systems, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to play a key role in the aging process. The production of ROS is influenced by cellular metabolic activities as well as environmental factors. ROS can react with all major biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Since, in general, proteins are the key molecules that play the ultimate role in various structural and functional aspects of living organisms, this review will focus on the age-related oxidative modifications of proteins as well as on mechanism for removal or repair of the oxidized proteins. The topics covered include protein oxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, experimental evidence indicating the role of ROS in protein oxidation, protein carbonyl content, enzymatic degradation of oxidized proteins, and effects of caloric restriction on protein oxidation in the context of aging. Finally, we will discuss different strategies which have been or can be undertaken to slow down the oxidative damage of proteins and the aging process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Modification of Proteins: Age-Related Changes

Chakravarti¹,

Chakravarti²

2006

Gerontology

155

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“…These modifications, individually or collectively, lead to increased crystallin aggregation and precipitation. Lens proteases are involved in morphogenesis and in maintaining the clarity of the lens by degrading oxidized and modified proteins and peptides (3)(4)(5)(6). Several proteolytic enzymes have been shown to play a role in lens aging and cataract formation (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lens Crystallin Modifications and Cataract in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Acylpeptide Hydrolase

Santhoshkumar¹,

Xie

Raju

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Acylpeptide hydrolase (APH) in the lens may have an integral role in cataract formation. Results: Transgenic overexpression of APH results in crystallin cleavage, impaired lens development, and cataract. Conclusion: APH may be involved in the generation of peptides that have the potential to induce protein aggregation. Significance: The transgenic APH mouse model could help us understand the role of crystallin fragments in cataractogenesis.

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“…Our interest in studying the antioxidant potency of diverse hormones and plant-derived compounds used in postmenopausal women is based on the fact that oxidation of LDLs is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 20 , cancer development 21 , in the autoimmune destruction of b cells leading to diabetes 22 , as mediators of inflammatory damage in asthma 23 and in joints in rheumatoid arthritis 24 and in the process leading to cataracts 25 . In this respect, it has been demonstrated that phytoestrogens are antioxidants because of their free radical scavenging properties and because they are chelators of metal ions 13,26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%