Protein matrices ensure safe and functional delivery of rosmarinic acid from marjoram (Origanum majorana) extracts

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To understand the interactions between carriers and functional ingredients is crucial when designing delivery systems, to maximize bioefficacy and functionality. In this study, two different protein matrices were evaluated as means to protect the extract isolated from marjoram leaves (Origanum majorana), casein micelles from fresh skim milk and soy protein isolate (SPI). RESULTS:Marjoram extract was obtained from pressurization of ethanol and water solvent. Protein dispersions of casein and SPI (5 g L −1 each) with or without marjoram extract (0.1-3 mg mL −1 ) were prepared and homogenized. The physicochemical characterization of charge and entrapment efficiency were conducted. The results demonstrated that entrapment efficiency was highly dependent on the carrier itself where SPI formulations showed 20% higher affinity when compared to casein micelles. To investigate the physiological behaviour of the marjoram-protein dispersions, human macrophages were employed. A non-specific inflammatory response of macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide was measured for TNF-, IL-1 and IL-6 cytokine secretion. CONCLUSION: Casein and SPI protein formulations warranted high bioefficacy of marjoram extract, showing their potential as safe carriers. CONCLUSIONThe findings indicated that PLE and UAE are adequate techniques to obtain MEs with a high content of rosmarinic acid and consequently antioxidant activity. Among extracts, PLE with a solvent mixture of 70:30 (v/v) ethanol/water presented the highest yield and antioxidant activity. Entrapment of PLE MEs in SPI provided 20% to 30% higher entrapment efficiency than caseins. The complexes of ME with caseins or SPI did not alter J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99: 2629-2635

Preparation and Characterization of Licorice-Chitosan Coatings for Postharvest Treatment of Fresh Strawberries

“…Then, the combination of a medium polar solvent (ethanol) with a high polar solvent (water) was the most suitable alternative to obtain high yields in the extraction of licorice root. These results are in accordance to other reported extraction studies, such as the work of Nieto et al [39] concerning the extraction of grape stems, Arranz et al [40] in the extraction of marjoram with different ethanol:water mixtures, or Kaderides et al [41] in the UAE extraction of pomegranate peels, reporting an increase in the extraction yield with an increase in solvent polarity. Moreover, it was found that the combination of solvents is more efficient for extraction of phenolic compounds than a single solvent [42].…”

Physical Stability and Antioxidant Ability of a Sustainable Oil-in-Water Emulsion Containing Perilla Skin Extract and Upcycled Aquasoya Powder

“…The encapsulation efficiency of RA was determined according to the method described by Arranz et al [19]. rSBB was dissolved in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (SPB, pH 7.4) (100 mg/mL).…”

“…Arranz et al entrapped RA from marjoram (Origanum majorana) in soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein micelles and compared their encapsulation efficiency [19]. To minimize the insoluble fraction of the protein matrices, the authors set the final protein concentration of each solution to 5 mg/mL.…”

“…Thus, the concentration of PSE in the O/W emulsion was determined to be 0.4 mg/mL; this concentration ensured the optimal content of Aquasoya-protected RA in the formulation. Arranz et al entrapped RA from marjoram (Origanum majorana) in soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein micelles and compared their encapsulation efficiency [19]. To minimize the insoluble fraction of the protein matrices, the authors set the final protein concentration of each solution to 5 mg/mL.…”

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“…It was found that the extract showed antiproliferative activity against human cell lines HT-29 at IC 50 value of 342 µg/ml and against human colorectal cell lines at IC50 value of 296 µg/ml. Another experiment was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol/water extracts produced by ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction of O. majorana leaves 107 . It could be concluded from the results that the TEAC value was 1.81 ± 0.02 mmol TE g/L dry extract and 1.52 ± 0.04 mmol TE g/L dry extract for pressurized liquid extraction (ethanol/water) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (ethanol/water), respectively.…”