Protein localization during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle

Wheeler, Robert T.; Gober, James W.; Shapiro, Lucy

doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80108-2

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Polar localization of chemotaxis proteins was first explored in Caulobacter, a natural organism with which to investigate polarity since it undergoes differentiation in which a stalk cell produces a swarmer cell with a single polar flagellum that is made shortly before cell division in every generation (249). Later, the flagellum is discarded and is replaced by a new stalk (60).…”

Section: Localization Of Chemotaxis Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Chemotaxis Mechanisms among the Bacteria and Archaea

Szurmant

Ordal

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

405

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The study of chemotaxis describes the cellular processes that control the movement of organisms toward favorable environments. In bacteria and archaea, motility is controlled by a two-component system involving a histidine kinase that senses the environment and a response regulator, a very common type of signal transduction in prokaryotes. Most insights into the processes involved have come from studies of Escherichia coli over the last three decades. However, in the last 10 years, with the sequencing of many prokaryotic genomes, it has become clear that E. coli represents a streamlined example of bacterial chemotaxis. While general features of excitation remain conserved among bacteria and archaea, specific features, such as adaptational processes and hydrolysis of the intracellular signal CheY-P, are quite diverse. The Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis system is considerably more complex and appears to be similar to the one that existed when the bacteria and archaea separated during evolution, so that understanding this mechanism should provide insight into the variety of mechanisms used today by the broad sweep of chemotactic bacteria and archaea. However, processes even beyond those used in E. coli and B. subtilis have been discovered in other organisms. This review emphasizes those used by B. subtilis and these other organisms but also gives an account of the mechanism in E. coli.

show abstract

Section: Localization Of Chemotaxis Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in Chemotaxis Mechanisms among the Bacteria and Archaea

Szurmant

Ordal

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

405

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The goal of this minireview is to explore a variety of examples of bacterial polarity, to expand upon the current models of polar localization, and to shed light on the spectrum of ways that bacteria may distinguish the polar cellular membrane from the lateral membrane. Several excellent reviews covering recent observations of dynamic polar protein localization have recently been published (7,37,38,41,76,82,83,92,93,102). Here we focus on other aspects of bacterial polarity, including the ultrastructural differences at the cell pole, the modes of polarity in actin-based motility and chemotaxis, and the implications of polarity in bacterial cellular function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity in Action: Asymmetric Protein Localization in Bacteria

Lybarger

Maddock

2001

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in microscopy and protein localization techniques have provided new insights into the remarkable complexity of the bacterial cell. Although bacteria lack discrete cellular compartments such as organelles, they possess an impressive scheme of subcellular organization at the level of protein localization. There are a growing number of examples of bacterial proteins for which specific intracellular localizations are essential for proper function and regulation. Dynamic polar localization of proteins critical for cell division, chromosome partitioning, and cell cycle control in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus have recently been described (see Table 1). These exciting observations establish that bacterial polarity plays a critical cellular role and that prokaryotic organization is much more complex than previously believed.Clearly, many proteins and protein complexes are able to navigate the bacterial cell and ultimately recognize their appropriate destinations. The current challenge is to uncover the mechanisms, both active and passive, by which proteins are localized and then maintained at the proper intracellular location. The goal of this minireview is to explore a variety of examples of bacterial polarity, to expand upon the current models of polar localization, and to shed light on the spectrum of ways that bacteria may distinguish the polar cellular membrane from the lateral membrane. Several excellent reviews covering recent observations of dynamic polar protein localization have recently been published (7,37,38,41,76,82,83,92,93,102). Here we focus on other aspects of bacterial polarity, including the ultrastructural differences at the cell pole, the modes of polarity in actin-based motility and chemotaxis, and the implications of polarity in bacterial cellular function. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AT CELL ENDSThe diversity of bacterial shapes extends well beyond the basic sphere, rod, and spirochete forms. Many bacteria are decorated with pili, flagella, and/or stalks, which are often found exclusively at one or both cell poles. The presence of such polar structures reveals that at least some bacteria display a complicated organization scheme, since biogenesis of polar structures clearly demands an asymmetry of their components.In addition to these external polar structures, early ultrastructural studies revealed internal differences at the cell poles of some bacteria. One striking example is the polar organelle found at the flagellated pole of diverse gram-negative bacteria such as Aquaspirillum (65), Sphaerotilus (96), Rhodopseudomonas (95), Campylobacter (9, 75), and Helicobacter (63). In each case, the polar organelle is subpolarly located near the cytoplasmic membrane adjacent to the flagella (Fig. 1), suggesting a relationship between the polar flagella and the polar organelle. Further supporting this model, Sphaerotilus natans swarm cells have a polar organelle, whereas nonmotile cells do not (34). The polar organelle has not been identified in all polarl...

show abstract

“…Determining what other proteins or structures CckA interacts with at the pole will probably provide some insight into both issues. CckA clearly has a lot of company at the cell pole, as a number of other protein complexes, including the flagellum, chemosensory apparatus and pili, reside at the swarmer pole in Caulobacter and other bacteria [5,17].…”

Section: Polar Localization -How and Why?mentioning

confidence: 99%