Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is an initial barrier to tumor development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for oncogenic Ras OIS, but the downstream effectors to mediate ROS signaling are still relatively elusive. Senescent cells develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the SASP are largely unknown. Here, we identify protein kinase D1 (PKD1) as a downstream effector of ROS signaling to mediate Ras OIS and SASP. PKD1 is activated by oncogenic Ras expression and PKD1 promotes Ras OIS by mediating inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) via modulation of NF-κB activity. We demonstrate that ROSprotein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)-PKD1 axis is essential for the establishment and maintenance of IL-6/IL8 induction. In addition, ablation of PKD1 causes the bypass of Ras OIS, and promotes cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Together, these findings uncover a previously unidentified role of ROS-PKCδ-PKD1 pathway in Ras OIS and SASP regulation.C ellular senescence is a permanent cell growth arrest state triggered either by telomere attrition (replicative senescence), or by many other stimuli, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and oncogenes activation, etc., without any detectable telomere shortening (premature senescence) (1). Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is of particular interest. OIS indeed occurs in premalignant human tumors and represents an initial barrier for cancer development in vivo (2). One well-characterized type of OIS is that induced by oncogenic Ras. Ras expression in normal primary cells induces premature senescence (3). ROS plays an important role in Ras OIS. ROS levels increase in Ras OIS, and ROS elimination prevent Ras OIS (4). Seladin-1 was identified as a downstream effector of ROS to mediate Ras OIS (5). Several positive ROS-generating feedback loops, such as ROS-protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) loop (6), mitochondrial dysfunctional signaling (7), and DDB2-mediated pathway (8), were proposed to contribute to elevated ROS levels in Ras OIS. Despite steady progress in probing the roles of ROS in senescence, however, most of studies focus on the links between ROS and the p53, p16, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, little is known about other mechanisms that ROS might mediate Ras OIS.Senescent cells develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by secretion of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and other proteins (9, 10). SASP have multiple biological effects depending on the physiological context. Some SASP factors such as IL-6/IL-8 and others can suppress early tumor formation either by reinforcing senescence in an autocrine fashion (11, 12), or by stimulating the immune system to clear premalignant senescent cells in a paracrine manner (13). SASP also can facilitate tissue repair (14). On the other hand, SASP can promote tumor growth (15). Moreover, many proinflammatory factors in SASP might be an important source of the low-level chronic inflammation in aged mammalian tissues, henc...