Protein kinase CK2 and new binding partners during spermatogenesis

Abstract

Protein kinase CK2 is an ubiquitously expressed enzyme that is absolutely necessary for the survival of cells. Besides the holoenzyme consisting of the regulatory β-subunit and the catalytic α- or α'-subunit, the subunits exist in separate forms. The subunits bind to a number of other cellular proteins. We show the expression of individual subunits as well as interaction with the transitional nuclear protein TNP1 and with the motor neuron protein KIF5C during spermatogenesis. TNP1 is a newly identified binding partner of the α-subunit of CK2. CK2α and KIF5C were found in late spermatogenesis, whereas CK2β and TNP1 were found in early spermatogenesis. CK2α, CK2α', TNP1, and KIF5C were detected in the acrosome of spermatozoa, while CK2β was detectable in the mid-piece. Combinations of CK2 subunits might determine interactions with other proteins during spermatogenesis. KIF5C as a kinesin motor neuron protein is probably involved in the redistribution of proteins during spermatogenesis.

Abundant protein phosphorylation potentially regulates Arabidopsis anther development

“…In our results, 1042 phosphorylation sites were the potential substrates of CKII, representing 26.7% of total identified phosphorylation sites. Different CKII isoforms have different roles during mammalian spermatogenesis: CKIIα functions in late spermatogenesis, and CKIIβ in early spermatogenesis (Mannowetz et al , 2010). Moreover, CKII-defective Arabidopsis plants exhibit enhanced double-strand break repair rates and a reduced DNA damage response (Moreno-Romero et al , 2012).…”

Cellular regulators of protein kinase CK2

“…These poly-arginine-containing molecules have been shown to stimulate CK2 activity greatly with regard to p98 protein, a member of the heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) family of proteins (Ohtsuki et al 1996). Recently the catalytic CK2α has been found in association with transition nuclear protein-1 (TNP-1) in vitro and during spermiogenesis (Mannowetz et al 2010). The first phase of mammalian spermiogenesis is characterized by round spermatids, which are transcriptionally active and contain nucleosomal chromatin.…”

Intraflagellar Protein 88 Interactome Analysis: A Bioinformatics Approach Highlights Its Role in Testis and Sperm Function

“…Two putative TP domains were identified in IFT88. TPR domains are composed of a degenerate 34-amino acid repeat motif that usually appears arrayed [29]. These domains are conserved throughout evolution, being identified in bacteria and humans.…”