Protein Kinase C of Filamentous Fungi and Its Roles in the Stresses Affecting Hyphal Morphogenesis and Conidiation

Abstract

Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to play pivotal roles in the various signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells. Its functions have been extensively explored in mammalian cells, whereas those of the PKC of fi lamentous fungi remain largely unknown, with the exception that PKC is known to function in the cell wall integrity signaling pathway similar to that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Recent advances in the functional analyses of Aspergillus nidulans PKC suggest that it has functions in germination, hyphal morphogenesis, and spore formation under heat stress. These functions are suppression of apoptosis induction and the establishment of cell polarity during germination, reestablishment of hyphal polarity after depolarization, and repression of conidiation. In this chapter, we present these functions of PKC and describe them in detail.

Lipidomic Profiling of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer (Agaricomycetes) through Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Examining Lipid Dynamics Changes during Fruiting Body Formation and Development

“…DAGs are known signaling molecules that activate protein kinase C (PKC), which plays a vital role in various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis functions critical during morphogenesis . At S1, the DAG profiles were relatively stable (Figure ).…”

“…DAGs are known signaling molecules that activate protein kinase C (PKC), which plays a vital role in various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis functions critical during morphogenesis. 47 At S1, the DAG profiles were relatively stable (Figure 7). As F. velutipes progressed to S2, a significant alteration in lipid content was observed across most of the DAGs, reflecting the metabolic shifts accompanying morphological changes.…”

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthesis Pathway-Related Protein GPI7 Is Required for the Vegetative Growth and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum graminicola

“…Among four cell wall integrity maintenance pathways, the best characterized one is the protein kinase C pathway regulated by the highly glycosylated integral membrane sensors Mid2 and Mtl1 in S. cerevisiae . The perturbations were perceived by the sensors in the cell wall and transduced the MAPK cascade signals to activate transcription factors to regulate the expression cell wall biosynthesis-related genes [ 44 ]. The other cell wall biosynthesis pathways include the Ca 2+ /calcineurin pathway, the HOG pathway, and the pH-sensing RIM101 pathway.…”