“…Although altered mRNA stability and receptor recycling may be involved, the amounts of u-PAR are controlled mainly at the transcriptional level in malignancies such as colon cancer (Lund et al, 1995;Lengyel et al, 1996;Shetty et al, 1997;Gum et al, 1998). Altered transcription of the gene is the main mediator of u-PAR gene expression brought about by, for example, epidermal growth factor (EGF; Boyd, 1989), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF; Mignatti et al, 1991), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; Mandriota et al, 1995), transforming growth factor β type 1 (TGF-β1; Lund et al, 1995), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Lengyel et al, 1996), IFN-α or IFN-γ, (Wu et al, 2002), protein kinase C (PKC; Ando et al, 1996), protein kinase A (PKA)/c-AMP (Langer et al, 1993;Li et al, 1995), the MAPK- (Lengyel et al, 1997) and the JNK-pathway (Gum et al, 1998).…”