Protein Intake and Physical Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Among the most important modifiable and well-known risk factors are an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle. Nevertheless, adherence to healthy lifestyle regimes is poor. The present study examined longitudinal trajectories (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 60-month follow-ups) of protein intake (fish, legumes, red/processed meat) and physical activity in 275 newly-diagnosed patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical variables, the season in which each assessment was made, and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Significant changes in protein intake and physical activity were found from pre-event to the six-month follow-up, suggesting the adoption of healthier behaviors. However, soon after the six-month follow-up, patients experienced significant declines in their healthy behaviors. Both physical activity and red/processed meat intake were modulated by the season in which the assessments took place and by anxiety symptoms over time. The negative long-term trajectory of healthy behaviors suggests that tailored interventions are needed that sustain patients' capabilities to self-regulate their behaviors over time and consider patient preference in function of season.

Determinants of Functional Improvement After Cardiac Rehabilitation in Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…Furthermore, since the duration of hospitalization is being reduced and the attention is more focused on the resolution of the acute problem, CR responds to the need to implement other types of intervention, such as health education and information, promotion of lifestyle changes, monitored physical activity, therapeutic optimization, risk stratification, functional and global evaluation [ 1 ]. CR health education interventions are particularly of interest to improve awareness of CV risk factors [ 2 ] and adherence to medical therapies [ 3 ]. CR participation after an ACS has demonstrated to be effective in reducing subsequent mortality [ 4 ].…”

Hospital Admissions Due to Ischemic Heart Diseases and Prescriptions of Cardiovascular Diseases Medications in England and Wales in the Past Two Decades

“…Despite that, in our study, we found that the hospitalisation rate for IHDs was higher among males compared to females for most types of IHDs. This could be attributed to their lifestyle, including physical inactivity and poor diet [ 25 ]. At the same time, there are other risk factors (psychosocial risk factors) that affect the traditional risk factors and increase males’ risk of developing CVDs and its associated complications that could lead ultimately to the need for urgent medical assistance and hospitalisation.…”

The Pivotal Role of Effective Communication in Patient Care: A Case of Coronary Stent Thrombosis

“…While doctors treat patients in hospital continued care at home is self-dependent ( 7 ), requiring that doctors and patients develop a shared understanding of the disease process and treatment goals to prevent a breakdown in management ( 5 – 7 ). It is worth noting however that compliance with health-related lifestyle changes may wane from about six months after institution, resulting in poorer compliance with the proposed changes ( 8 ).…”