Protein fractions of lumbar, cisternal, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid

Weisner, B.; Bernhardt, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/0022-510x(78)90204-6

Cited by 119 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies report a gradient in protein concentration between the ventricle and lumbar regions (10,11 ). Individual protein concentrations have also been shown to change up to 3.5-fold between these 2 regions (12 ).…”

Section: Gel Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes Related to Postmortem Interval

et al. 2006

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Background:The study of proteins with altered production in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with antemortem CSF may improve the understanding of biochemical changes that occur immediately after death. Methods: Two CSF samples (1 antemortem and 1 postmortem) were collected from 7 patients and analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. An analysis was also performed to identify proteins that showed a correlation between concentration change and postmortem interval. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteins. Results: Fifty-four protein spots were identified that showed a consistent and significant change in concentration in the postmortem CSF of all 7 patients (>3.5-fold, P <0.01). The proteins in these spots derive from a variety of functional groups, including cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes involved in glycolysis, and proteins that prevent oxidative stress. Fourteen protein spots were found to have an increase in production that correlated with postmortem interval. Conclusions: Changes in protein production of postmortem vs antemortem CSF were studied. The proteins observed to change production in the postmortem CSF include several proteins previously observed as potential stroke biomarkers.

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Section: Gel Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes Related to Postmortem Interval

et al. 2006

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“…The CSF protein content mainly depends on the permeability of plexus and meningeal capillaries and increases under conditions of reduced CSF turnover [7]. There is no doubt about a rostrocaudal gradient of CSF protein due to successive addition of serum protein during the CSF flow from the ventricles to the cranial and spinal subarachnoid space [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Reflect Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid? A Prospective Study in Patients with External Ventricular Drainage

et al. 2002

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Ventriculitis may sometimes occur after an external ventricular drain has been removed, and diagnosis has to be made by lumbar puncture. But are the lumbar findings comparable to previously obtained ventricular results? In a prospective study, sample pairs of ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained at an interval of <30 min in 25 patients with increased intracranial pressure suffering from cerebral hemorrhage (n = 15), meningitis/encephalitis (n = 6), cerebral infarction (n = 3), and meningeosis carcinomatosa (n = 1). CSF was analyzed for protein, albumin, IgG, IgA, IgM, glucose, lactate, and leukocytes including cytological differentiation. A significant ventriculo-lumbar increase was observed for protein, albumin, and the immunoglobulins. Lactate was distributed equally in ventricular and lumbar CSF, as well as glucose in the cerebral hemorrhage subgroup (n = 15). Cell count failed to show a clear ventriculo-lumbar ratio. Cytological distribution was comparable in lumbar and ventricular CSF, except for macrophages showing a significant rostrocaudal decrease. In conclusion, in cases of clinically suspected bacterial central nervous system infection after removal of an external ventricular drain, lumbar CSF lactate, glucose, and cytology are comparable to previously determined ventricular values, and thus may help physicians to choose the best treatment.

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“…In the same way, levels of foscarnet in CSF are lower than those observed in brain. CSF drug concentrations are frequently lower than those of the cerebral extracellular fluid and the brain tissue, overall when CSF is obtained from ventricles or the cisterna magna (6,18,26). However, the presence of an AUC in the brain sixfold higher than that in the CSF suggests that, at least in this animal, there may be a high efflux clearance of foscarnet from CSF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It would be expected that the concentrations of foscarnet in these tissues would be similar to or higher than those observed in rabbits, since in humans the V ss of foscarnet is higher and the half-life is longer than those in rabbits (2,24,26). From our study, it cannot be ruled out that the current dosages of foscarnet during the maintenance phase of CMV retinitis (90 to 120 mg/day, in a single dose) give rise to subtherapeutic concentrations in the retina during part of the day and that this may be a factor in the progression of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal, Retinal, and Central Nervous System Foscarnet Concentrations after Rapid Intravenous Administration to Rabbits

López‐Cortés

Ruiz-Valderas

Lucero-Muñoz

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Retinal, vitreous humor, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) foscarnet levels were measured by highperformance liquid chromatography after administration of an intravenous dose of 120 mg/kg of body weight to 32 pigmented rabbits. A pharmacokinetic analysis was done using a two-compartment model. The penetration ratios, defined as ratios of retinal, vitreous humor, brain, and CSF areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 2 h were 110% ؎ 1%, 12.3% ؎ 0.7%, 118% ؎ 1%, and 20.2% ؎ 2.2%, respectively. These results suggest a good penetration of foscarnet into the retinal and brain tissues, reaching higher concentrations than those estimated from vitreous humor and CSF levels.Foscarnet is a drug used extensively in the treatment of retinitis and neurological conditions caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with AIDS, and there are data supporting the use of foscarnet with aciclovir or ganciclovir in the treatment of retinitis caused by other herpesviruses (4,15,19). It has been suggested that intravenous ganciclovir or foscarnet maintenance therapy of CMV retinitis may result in subtherapeutic intraocular concentrations, a factor implicated in the progression of this disease (1). However, there are few data on concentrations of foscarnet in tissue, and the levels in retina or brain have not been described for either humans or experimental models. The intraocular penetration of foscarnet has been assessed only in vitreal samples from a few patients with CMV retinitis (1). Likewise, the penetration of foscarnet into the central nervous system has been evaluated only from single determinations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and single ratios of concentrations in CSF to concentrations in plasma in samples obtained at variable and arbitrary intervals from patients with nonuniform dosages. Consequently, the results have been very variable, 13 to 340% of the simultaneous concentration in plasma (11,(21)(22)(23). Moreover, to assume that retinal and brain foscarnet levels are similar to those measured in vitreous humor and CSF may be erroneous. Due to the difficulties in obtaining tissue samples from humans, we used a rabbit model for evaluating the retinal and brain penetration of foscarnet after its intravenous administration. The ratios of the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUCs) for tissues and CSF to the AUCs for serum were used to obtain more accurate results (16). We have also determined whether the concentrations detected in retina and brain are similar to those in vitreous humor and CSF. In humans, no significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations between single-and multiple-dose administration (25); therefore, the study was designed to obtain samples after a single dose of the drug.Study design, drug administration, and sampling. Thirtytwo healthy, pigmented rabbits with a mean weight of 3 kg were used. The study was conducted according to the Ministerio de Agricultura guidelines. After animals were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of xylazine (12 mg/kg of body wei...

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Protein fractions of lumbar, cisternal, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid

Cited by 119 publications

References 14 publications

Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes Related to Postmortem Interval

Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes Related to Postmortem Interval

Does Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Reflect Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid? A Prospective Study in Patients with External Ventricular Drainage

Intravitreal, Retinal, and Central Nervous System Foscarnet Concentrations after Rapid Intravenous Administration to Rabbits

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