Protein deficiency alters CX3CL1 and endothelin‐1 in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi‐induced cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Abstractobjective Chagas heart disease is developed as a result of the infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Protein malnutrition contributes to secondary immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a low protein diet on the production of endothelin-1 and CX3CL1 in blood and cardiac tissue samples in an experimental model with T. cruzi infection.methods Fisher rats were submitted to low protein (6%) and normal protein (15%) diets and then infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. At days 15 and 120, parasites and immune cells were evaluated.results The low protein diet reduced body weight and circulating serum proteins, but promoted elevation of CX3CL1 and endothelin-1 levels in infected animals, which were unable to control blood parasitemia replication. In heart tissue, the low protein diet reduced cardiac CX3CL1, endothelin-1 and leucocyte infiltration in the acute phase, in particular CD68 and CD163 macrophage phenotypes.conclusion Together, these results highlight the participation of endothelin-1 and CX3CL1 in the inflammatory process of Chagas diesease, both being mediators partially controlled by the host nutritional status.

Oxidative effects on lung inflammatory response in rats exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde

“…After incubation for 12 h at room temperature, the unabsorbed antibodies were discarded and the plates blocked with 300 uL/well of a PBS solution containing 1% BSA for 1 h at 37 C. The plasma samples/or the supernatant were applied in a volume of 100 ml to each well. The reading of the marking intensity was performed on ELISA reader using a wavelength of 490 nm (Martins et al, 2013). All the chemokine ELISA kits were purchased from Peprotech (Ribeirão Preto, Brazil) and particularities in this methodology performed according to the manufacturer.…”

Renovascular hypertension increases serum TNF and CX3CL1 in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

“…A few studies have demonstrated the involvement of CX3CL1 in T. cruzi pathogenesis. It is known that during experimental T. cruzi infection, CD8 + and CD4 + T cells express the receptor of CX3CL1, and high serum levels of CX3CL1 in male Fischer rats was previously observed in the initial phase of T. cruzi infection ( 38 , 39 ). Interestingly, when infected animals were fed with a low-protein diet in the acute or chronic phase of infection, CX3CL1 levels in the serum and cardiac homogenate were elevated.…”

Parasite-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/trans-Sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi Links Neurotrophic Signaling to Cardiac Innate Immune Response

“…paper (59), yet FKN/CX3CR1 signaling is widely recognized as an important mechanism in tissue repair, including in the healing of the myocardium (46) and the brains of animal models of Parkinson's disease (60) and other neurodegenerative diseases (61).…”