Protein-Coated Aryl Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Cellular Uptake Study by Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles coated with proteins have shown extraordinary biocompatibility which advanced to several nanomedicine engineering applications. We synthesized protein-coated gold nanoparticles using green and chemical reduction routes for cellular uptake study. In the current work, we coated gold-aryl nanoparticles of the type AuNPs-C 6 H 4-4-COOH with BSA, collagen, zein and lysozyme proteins. Both routes were carried out without phase-transfer catalysts or extraneous stabilizing agents. High crystallinity of the AuNPs synthesized by the green route can be seen in the transmission electron microscopy images. Osteosarcoma cancer cells are malignant bone tumors with abnormal cellular functions. Studies using MG-63 cells will provide mechanistic suggestions on the details of the amplification in tumors. We studied the cellular uptake of the bioconjugates by MG-63 osteosarcoma cells using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy (LCFM) and flow cytometry. In the LCFM study, BSA-AuNPs was uptaken most efficiently of all protein-coated gold nanoparticles synthesized by the green route. Zein and lysozyme coated nanoparticles, though small sizes, prepared by the green method were not efficiently uptaken by MG-63. The two nanoparticles are negatively charged and zein is also a hydrophobic coat. The difference in hydrophobicity and charge might have affected the internalization. All of those coated nanoparticles that were efficiently uptaken can potentially be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for osteosarcoma.

Differentiated PDGFRα-Positive Cells: A Novel In-Vitro Model for Functional Studies of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

“…The images were analyzed using ImageJ. The acquisition of the images was in 2D and the cells were seeded on coverslips and we used 2D, which reflects the aim of the study and it is the most widely used presentation in most of the previous studies [59]. We acquired almost 30 cells per treatment, using the same exact exposure time for the used lasers between the different samples and different fields within the same sample.…”

New Trends in Nanoarchitectured SERS Substrates: Nanospaces, 2D Materials, and Organic Heterostructures

“…[124] The functionalization of plasmon-active surfaces by thiols can be used for the adsorption of proteins. For instance, the intrinsic adsorptive properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) [121] are associated with thiol groups and disulfide bridges. [122,125] Given the availability of BSA, the adsorption of such proteins is a useful approach for the fabrication of nanoarchitectures for SERS applications.…”

“…In such cases, bifunctional derivatives containing two thiol groups act as a cross‐linker between two plasmonic materials (NPs or films). This approach has been used to fabricate gold core‐satellites nanoassemblies, [ 121 ] conjugate silver gratings with gold nanourchins, [ 122 ] and immobilize plasmonic NPs on a gold‐coated optic fiber. [ 123 ] Also, thiols‐based bifunctional linkers have been used for the fabrication of highly ordered nanostructures between two immiscible liquids.…”

Conceptual Developments of Aryldiazonium Salts as Modifiers for Gold Colloids and Surfaces

“…Gold–aryl nanoparticles are synthesized from aryldiazonium gold­(III) salts using various routes including chemical, spontaneous, electrochemical, and femtosecond laser ablation. − Two interesting routes are discussed here, namely, electrochemical reduction in water in the presence of polyaniline (PANI) and the femtosecond laser ablation of the salts in acetonitrile . We have shown that the electrochemical reduction of diazonium gold­(III) salts in the presence of PANI at different potential values produces PANI-AuNPs nanocomposites.…”

“…Water-soluble bioconjugates synthesized using diazonics have contributed significantly to the development of nanomedicine engineering. ,,,, The bonding between the gold core and aryl shell appears to be robust in biological fluids. ,,, Carboxyl-modified gold NPs were successfully implemented in the in vitro delivery of insulin and the inhibition of insulin fibrillation Figure A illustrates the results of experiments to inhibit the formation of and to break apart insulin fibrils in the presence of gold–aryl nanoparticles.…”