Protein:Carbohydrate Ratios in the Diet of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar Affect its Ability to Tolerate Tannins

Perkovich, Cynthia; Ward, David

doi:10.1007/s10886-020-01161-x

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…However, reducing nutritive quality as a defense against insect herbivores has received a great deal of criticism (Augner, 1995; Hervé & Erb, 2019; Moran & Hamilton, 1980). Decreasing nutritional quality may cause an exponential increase (i.e., not a decrease) in feeding by insects (Perkovich & Ward, 2020). For example, Perkovich and Ward (2020) found that gypsy moth larvae ( Lymantria dispar ) that were fed diets with low protein compensated for the reduction in nutrients by increasing consumption rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more effective defense may be to reduce nutritional quality of foliage (Barrett & Stiling, 2007; Lundberg & Åström, 1989). Contrastingly, in the case of insect herbivores, reducing nutritional quality may be an ineffective defense because insect herbivores have been shown to increase consumption rates to obtain adequate nutrients (Moran & Hamilton, 1980; Perkovich & Ward, 2020). Furthermore, some plants re‐allocate nutrients, such as non‐structural carbohydrates, out of foliar tissues and into belowground storage in response to herbivory (Perkovich & Ward, 2021a; Wiley et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, some plants re‐allocate nutrients, such as non‐structural carbohydrates, out of foliar tissues and into belowground storage in response to herbivory (Perkovich & Ward, 2021a; Wiley et al, 2017). This re‐allocation of nutrients may alter macronutrient ratios, resulting in inadequate nutrients for herbivores (Perkovich & Ward, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiated plant defense strategies: Herbivore community dynamics affect plant–herbivore interactions

Perkovich

Ward

2022

Ecosphere

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Plant-herbivore interactions account for much of the biodiversity observed in an ecosystem. Plants may alter defense expression dependent on the specific herbivore present. Many studies focus on the optimization of these defenses against a single herbivore, but in an ecological context, there may be a myriad of herbivores at any given time. We designed a study to examine defenses employed by swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) against insects and large mammals. We established six deer exclosures with trees located inside and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiated plant defense strategies: Herbivore community dynamics affect plant–herbivore interactions

Perkovich

Ward

2022

Ecosphere

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“…Therefore, it is possible that there were changes in the other antinutritive constituents, but they were undetected due to the methods used. In oaks, tannins are one of the main compounds that present an antiherbivory defense function and have been described to act as an effective deterrent on herbivores (Barbehenn & Constabel, 2011 ; Bernays et al, 1989 ; Clausen et al, 1992 ; Perkovich & Ward, 2020 ). However, insects, unlike vertebrates, suffer few antinutritional effects of tannins and mainly suffer from toxic effects (Barbehenn & Constabel, 2011 ; Farahat et al, 2018 ; Hafeez et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in white oak (Quercus alba) phytochemistry in response to periodical cicadas: Before, during, and after an emergence

Perkovich

Ward

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Periodical cicadas have mass emergences once every 13 or 17 years. Plants may need to upregulate defense production in response to an emergence. Defense production is energetically expensive, so plants may downregulate their production after periodical cicada populations dissipate. We examined the defensive responses in leaves, branches, and roots of a common host, white oak ( Quercus alba ), prior to, during, and after a 17‐year periodical cicada ( Magicicada spp.) emergence in western Pennsylvania, United States. During the emergence, total tannins and condensed tannins increased in foliar tissue, while simultaneously decreasing in root tissue compared to the prior and subsequent years. Non‐structural carbohydrates were low prior to the mass emergence but were re‐allocated to belowground storage during the emergence year and dropped thereafter. In the year after the emergence, there was a relaxation of foliar defenses, and root defenses returned to pre‐emergence concentrations. We also tested for differences in damaged and undamaged branches on the same tree during (2019) and the year after the emergence (2020). Both damaged and undamaged branches had significantly greater chemical defenses (polyphenols, total tannins, and condensed tannins) during the emergence than in the following year when there was no emergence. We propose that re‐allocation of resources may help maximize oak tree fitness by moving resources away from areas that are not in immediate threat to areas that are under immediate threat. Changes in aboveground and belowground phytochemistry in response to periodical cicada mass emergences may help us better understand which resource re‐allocation strategies are used by plants to minimize the effects of insect emergencies.

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“…Even when a single population is considered, the effect of diet is of practical importance as resources can vary significantly in space (eg, crop rotation) and time (eg, plant growth, agricultural practices such as harvest). Another study on the gypsy moth L. dispar showed that the protein:carbohydrate ratio mattered for the species development and growth, with significant development time differences depending on the diet used (Perkovich and Ward 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Diet Interacting With Temperature on the Development Rate of a Noctuidae Quinoa Pest

Quispe‐Tarqui

Pari

Condori

et al. 2021

Environmental Entomology

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The quinoa pest Copitarsia incommoda (Walker, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cause of significant damage, and it is thus critical for Andean countries to have access to phenological models to maintain production and food safety. These models are key components in pest control strategies in the context of global warming and in the development of sustainable production integrating agroecological concepts. Phenological models are mainly based on outlining the relationship between temperature and development rate. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of protein content within the diet (artificial diet; artificial diet with −20% protein; artificial diet with +20% protein; natural quinoa diet) and temperature (12, 16.9, 19.5, 22.7, 24.6°C) as drivers of the development rate. Our study supports the literature, since temperature was found to be the main driver of the development rate. It highlights the significant role played by protein content and its interaction with temperature (significant effects of temperature, diet, and diet:temperature on development time using GLMs for all foraging life stages). We discuss the implications of such drivers of the development rate for implementing and applying phenological models that may benefit from including factors other than temperature. While performance curves such as development rate curves obtained from laboratory experiments are still a useful basis for phenological development, we also discuss the need to take into account the heterogeneity of the insect response to environmental factors. This is critical if pest control practices are to be deployed at the optimal time.

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Protein:Carbohydrate Ratios in the Diet of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar Affect its Ability to Tolerate Tannins

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Differentiated plant defense strategies: Herbivore community dynamics affect plant–herbivore interactions

Differentiated plant defense strategies: Herbivore community dynamics affect plant–herbivore interactions

Changes in white oak (Quercus alba) phytochemistry in response to periodical cicadas: Before, during, and after an emergence

The Effect of Diet Interacting With Temperature on the Development Rate of a Noctuidae Quinoa Pest

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