Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

Hughes, Walter T.; Price, Robert A.; Sisko, Frank; Havron, W. Samuel; Kafatos, Anthony; Schonland, M; Smythe, P. M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1974.02110260046008

Cited by 175 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hendley and Weller found that dexamethasone added to the drinking water can also be used (8). Hughes et al demonstrated that protein calorie malnutrition enhances the development of P. carinji pneumonia (10). We routinely employ low (8%)-protein diet with the corticosteroid regimens in rats because it consistently produces heavier degrees of P. carinji infection.…”

Section: Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in different strains of cortisonized mice

Walzer¹,

Powell²,

Yoneda³

1979

Infect Immun

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in eight different strains of mice by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%)-protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. Heavier degrees of P. carinii infection were most consistently found in C3H/HeN mice; intermediate levels occurred in BALB/c AnN, C57BL/6N, B1O.A(2R), AKR/J, and Swiss Webster mice; lighter degrees were found in DBA/2N and DBA/IJ mice. Histopathologically, P. carinii organisms were morphologically indistinguishable from human and rat P. carinii, and elicited a predominantly mononuclear response that was similar among the various mouse strains. The optimal cortisone acetate regimen was 1 mg injected subcutaneously twice weekly. Higher doses shortened the life span of the mice, presumably by inducing overwhelming bacterial infection. This problem occurred not only in different strains of mice, but also in the same strain of mice obtained from different breeders. Thus, cortisonized mice should be useful in the study of experimental P. carinii infection. Success of this model depends on the corticosteroid dose, as well as the strain, source, general health, and preexisting microbial flora of the mice chosen for study.

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Section: Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in different strains of cortisonized mice

Walzer¹,

Powell²,

Yoneda³

1979

Infect Immun

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“…Little is known about the quantitative aspects of the infection or growth characteristics of the organism. Scant attention has also been paid to changes in the host or to certain host factors (e.g., protein-calorie malnutrition) which enhance the development of P. carinii infection (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth characteristics and pathogenesis of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Walzer¹,

Powell²,

Yoneda³

et al. 1980

Infect Immun

102

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in two groups of rats by the administration of corticosteroids, a low-protein (8%) diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. A third group not on corticosteroids or a low-protein diet served as controls. Members of the first group were sacrificed weekly for 8 weeks, and lungs were examined. A highly significant correlation was found between the histopathological assessment of the intensity of P. carinii infection and the number of cysts counted in enzyme-digested lungs. P. carinii progressively filled alveoli, and cyst counts increased from -104 to 109 cysts/g of lung at peak intensity of infection at 7 to 8 weeks. The second group of rats was placed on a regular diet and tapering doses of corticosteroids after week 4, and they were sacrificed at varying intervals for up to 21 weeks. P. carinii was not cleared from the lungs until after week 13 (more than 6 weeks after discontinuation of all steroids). Histologically, there was an increased prominence of alveolar macrophages and the progressive development of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and fibrosis. Thus, P. carinii grows slowly in vivo and interacts with specific host cells. The resulting changes may be important in the pathogenesis of the infection and in the clearance of the organism from the lung after immunocompetence has been restored.

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“…These differences depend on the various definitions of malnutrition, the type and extent of the tumour, tumour therapy, supportive measures and the socio-economic status of the family. Malnutrition is known to decrease immunocompetence (IIa) [23], [24], decrease the tolerance to chemotherapy (IIa) [25] and increase the rate of infection (IIa) [26], [27]. Information on organ dysfunction as a result of malnutrition in children with cancer is scarce.…”

Section: The Nutritional State Influences the Clinical Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%