Protein Biosensors Based on Biofunctionalized Conical Gold Nanotubes

Siwy, Zuzanna S.; Trofin, Lacramioara; Kohli, Punit; Baker, Lane A.; Trautmann, C.; Martin, Charles R.

doi:10.1021/ja043910f

Cited by 490 publications

(507 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…III. A.3͒ ͑Wei et al, 1997;Cervera et al, 2006;Vlassiouk and Siwy, 2007͒ by using calcium ͑Siwy et al, 2006͒ or DNA ͑Harrell et al, 2004͒ to change the surface properties, voltage gating similar to biological channels ͑Siwy, Apel, Baur, et al, 2002, and sensing of proteins ͑Siwy, Trofin, Kohli, et al, 2005͒. More recently, multiple nanopores with controlled sizes between 5 and 25 nm were fabricated in a 15-nmthick nanocrystalline silicon membrane, which has remarkable mechanical properties ͑Striemer et al, 2007͒. Nanopores are obtained from voids formed spontaneously as nanocrystals of the membrane nucleate and grow during rapid thermal annealing.…”

Section: F Realization Of Single Nanopores In Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport phenomena in nanofluidics

2008

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The transport of fluid in and around nanometer-sized objects with at least one characteristic dimension below 100 nm enables the occurrence of phenomena that are impossible at bigger length scales. This research field was only recently termed nanofluidics, but it has deep roots in science and technology. Nanofluidics has experienced considerable growth in recent years, as is confirmed by significant scientific and practical achievements. This review focuses on the physical properties and operational mechanisms of the most common structures, such as nanometer-sized openings and nanowires in solution on a chip. Since the surface-to-volume ratio increases with miniaturization, this ratio is high in nanochannels, resulting in surface-charge-governed transport, which allows ion separation and is described by a comprehensive electrokinetic theory. The charge selectivity is most pronounced if the Debye screening length is comparable to the smallest dimension of the nanochannel cross section, leading to a predominantly counterion containing nanometer-sized aperture. These unique properties contribute to the charge-based partitioning of biomolecules at the microchannel-nanochannel interface. Additionally, at this free-energy barrier, size-based partitioning can be achieved when biomolecules and nanoconstrictions have similar dimensions. Furthermore, nanopores and nanowires are rooted in interesting physical concepts, and since these structures demonstrate sensitive, label-free, and real-time electrical detection of biomolecules, the technologies hold great promise for the life sciences. The purpose of this review is to describe physical mechanisms on the nanometer scale where new phenomena occur, in order to exploit these unique properties and realize integrated sample preparation and analysis systems.

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Section: F Realization Of Single Nanopores In Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport phenomena in nanofluidics

2008

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“…However, there is potential to go beyond the normal current blockade experiments by creating designer pores ͑Bayley and Cremer, 2001; Siwy et al, 2005͒. For instance, introducing a foreign molecule into the pore or by using a pore that has some chemically specific affinity, the pore can interact in a particular way to each of the four bases of DNA. A specific interaction could, for instance, create a different level of pore blockade for each of the bases.…”

Section: Ionic Blockadementioning

confidence: 99%

Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection

2008

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With the continued improvement of sequencing technologies, the prospect of genome-based medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research. To realize this potential, however, a revolutionary sequencing method is needed for the cost-effective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes. This capability is likely to be provided by a physical approach to probing DNA at the single-nucleotide level. This is in sharp contrast to current techniques and instruments that probe ͑through chemical elongation, electrophoresis, and optical detection͒ length differences and terminating bases of strands of DNA. Several physical approaches to DNA detection have the potential to deliver fast and low-cost sequencing. Central to these approaches is the concept of nanochannels or nanopores, which allow for the spatial confinement of DNA molecules. In addition to their possible impact in medicine and biology, the methods offer ideal test beds to study open scientific issues and challenges in the relatively unexplored area at the interface between solids, liquids, and biomolecules at the nanometer length scale. This Colloquium emphasizes the physics behind these methods and ideas, critically describes their advantages and drawbacks, and discusses future research opportunities in the field.

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“…Track-etched nanopores are fabricated by etching the ion tracks inside organic foils, 1 and they gain more and more attention due to their applications in biosensor, 2,3 DNA sequencing, 4,5 mimicking the ion channel, 6,7 and energy conversion. 8 In all these applications, surface charge is crucially important, since it governs ion transport through the pores, especially when the salt concentration is low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface charge density of the track-etched nanopores in polyethylene terephthalate foils

Xue

Xie

et al. 2009

Biomicrofluidics

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Surface charge is one of the most important properties of nanopores, which determines the nanopore performance in many practical applications. We report the surface charge densities of track-etched nanopores, which were obtained by measuring the streaming current and pore conductance, respectively. Experimental results reveal that surface charge densities depend significantly on the salt concentrations. In addition the values obtained with the pore conductance were always several times higher than those calculated with the streaming current, and the gel-like surface layer on the nanopore was considered to be responsible for this discrepancy.

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Protein Biosensors Based on Biofunctionalized Conical Gold Nanotubes

Cited by 490 publications

References 17 publications

Transport phenomena in nanofluidics

Transport phenomena in nanofluidics

Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection

Surface charge density of the track-etched nanopores in polyethylene terephthalate foils

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