Protein and oil patterns in U.S. and world soybean markets

Abstract

The Japan Oilseed Processors Association provided yearly data showing the average protein and oil content of imported soybeans from the U.S. (No. 2 Yellow and IOM grades), Brazil, Argentina, and the People's Republic of China. Throughout the years 1972-1988, U.S. No. 2 soybeans contained about 1-L5% less oil than Brazilian soybeans. Recently, the protein content of U.S. soybeans has also fallen behind that of Brazil. U.S. IOM soybeans, a designation based on seed size, contained about L5% more protein and about 0.5% less oil than U.S. No. 2 soybeans. Surveys of U.S. soybeans in the years 1986, 1987, and 1988 showed consistent state and regional differences in protein and oil content. Soybeans from northern and western soybean-growing states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin) contained 1.5-2% less protein and 0.2-0.5% more oil than soybeans from southern states (Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina). State and regional differences in composition represented differences of up to 25 cents per bushel in Estimated Processed Value for one set of soybean meal and oil prices.

Temperature and cultivar effects on soybean seed oil and protein concentrations

“…The model for the linear plateau function is [5] [ 6] where α 0 is the effect of the intercept, each α i has a value of 0, 1, or −1 for the corresponding C j cultivar contribution to the intercept, β 0 is the linear component, X jk is the temperature for the jth cultivar and kth observation, t is the joint point between the linear slope and the plateau, and ε jk is the random error associated with the jth cultivar's kth observation.…”

“…Breene et al (15) also found that the protein concentration tended to be less at northern vs. southern locations (34 to 44°N latitude). Northern and northwestern states have been reported to have about 5 g kg −1 higher oil and 15 to 20 g kg −1 lower protein concentrations than southern states (6). The contribution of cultivar to the observed geographic patterns of seed composition has not been well defined.…”

“…This response has been attributed to both environment and genotypic variation (2)(3)(4). Hurburgh et al (6) reported that northern and western locations in the Midwest had a greater protein loss for each concentration point gain in oil than southern locations, yet the negative correlation between protein vs. oil concentration persists at high temperature (7).…”

Planting Date, Maturity, and Temperature Effects on Soybean Seed Yield and Composition

“…The effect of the production location has possibly the greatest influence on seed yield, where soybean grown in the northern Corn Belt is consistently lower in protein compared to those grown in southern states (Rotundo et al, 2016). Hurburgh et al (1990) found that soybean from northern states contained 1.5 to 2% less protein and 0.2 to 0.5% more oil than soybean produced in the South and southeastern United States. Significant spatial and temporal variability exists for protein and oil (Brumm and Hurburgh, 2006).…”

Composição química dos grãos e da cera foliar de variedade Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. MG/ BR-46 Conquista cultivada sob atmosfera enriquecida de gás carbônico e temperatura elevada

“…Por exemplo, a soja produzida nas regiões mais frias dos Estados Unidos apresentam concentrações mais altas de proteínas do que nas regiões com temperaturas mais elevadas. Assim, mesmo em comparação com cultivares brasileiros, elas apresentaram maior conteúdo de proteínas (0,5%) e menor teor de óleo (-0.6%) (Breene et al, 1988;Hurburgh et al, 1990), visto que o Brasil é de clima tropical, com médias de temperaturas mais elevadas.…”