Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging

Naseeb, Manal; Volpe, Stella L.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.01.001

Cited by 129 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…82 Resistance exercise is often used in combination with nutrition support, which increases muscle mass and muscle strength more than exercise alone. 46,[83][84][85] Supplementation of a low-dose creatine in combination with resistance training improved lean mass in elderly over a period of 12 weeks. 86 A patientcentred exercise approach in frail elderly and older adults with mobility limitations physical activity was considered to improve effective quality of life and reduce frailty, while also being cost-effective.…”

Section: Chronic Heart Failure and Muscle Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure

2018

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Patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) show an increased prevalence (~20% in elderly CHF patients) of loss of muscle mass and muscle function (i.e. sarcopenia) compared with healthy elderly people. Sarcopenia, which can also occur in obese patients, is considered a strong predictor of frailty, disability, and mortality in older persons and is present in 5–13% of elderly persons aged 60–70 years and up to 50% of all octogenarians. In a CHF study, sarcopenia was associated with lower strength, reduced peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2, 1173 ± 433 vs. 1622 ± 456 mL/min), and lower exercise time (7.7 ± 3.8 vs. 10.22 ± 3.0 min, both P < 0.001). Unfortunately, there are only very limited therapy options. Currently, the main intervention remains resistance exercise. Specialized nutritional support may aid the effects of resistance training. Testosterone has significant positive effects on muscle mass and function, and low endogenous testosterone has been described as an independent risk factor in CHF in a study with 618 men (hazard ratio 0.929, P = 0.042). However, the use of testosterone is controversial because of possible side effects. Selective androgen receptor modulators have been developed to overcome these side effects but are not yet available on the market. Further investigational drugs include growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor 1, and several compounds that target the myostatin pathway. The continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia, muscle wasting regardless of CHF, and cardiac cachexia makes this a stimulating research area.

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Section: Chronic Heart Failure and Muscle Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure

2018

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“…69 Resistance exercise is often used in combination with nutrition support, which increases muscle mass and muscle strength more than exercise alone. 41,[70][71][72] Supplementation of a low dose creatine in combination with resistance training improved lean mass in elderly over a period of 12 weeks. 73 In a patient-centered exercise approach in frail elderly and older adults with mobility limitations, physical activity was considered to improve effective quality of life and reduce frailty, while also being cost-effective.…”

Section: Sarcopenia In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance exercise is often used in combination with nutrition support, which increases muscle mass and muscle strength more than exercise alone . Supplementation of a low dose creatine in combination with resistance training improved lean mass in elderly over a period of 12 weeks .…”

Section: Sarcopenia In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

2017

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Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and muscle function) is a strong predictor of frailty, disability and mortality in older persons and may also occur in obese subjects. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. However, there are currently few therapy options. The main intervention is resistance exercise, either alone or in combination with nutritional support, which seems to enhance the beneficial effects of training. Also, testosterone has been shown to increased muscle power and function; however, a possible limitation is the side effects of testosterone. Other investigational drugs include selective androgen receptor modulators, growth hormone, IGF‐1, compounds targeting myostatin signaling, which have their own set of side effects. There are abundant prospective targets for improving muscle function in the elderly with or without chronic heart failure, and the continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia makes this field an exciting one.

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“…The decline in muscle mass and muscle strength is known as sarcopenia, the combination with obesity as sarcopenic obesity. Recent reviews stress the benefits of physical activity and exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity in older adults .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

Westerterp

2018

Obesity Reviews

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Physical activity and body composition show a typical pattern over the lifecycle. Fat-free mass and physical performance generally peak in early adulthood. Here, evidence for a relation between physical activity changes over the life span and the development of sarcopenic obesity is presented. Activity-induced energy expenditure increases with body size and physical activity during growth. The physical activity level, calculated by expressing total energy expenditure as a multiple of resting energy expenditure, gradually increases from early age to adulthood to decrease again in old age. Habitual physical activity has a significant effect on growth of fat-free mass during adolescence and thus on peak fat-free mass and physical performance in early adulthood. Older subjects have a lower fat-free mass and lower physical activity levels but there is no association, suggesting physical activity does not protect against loss of lean body mass at higher age. Prevention of sarcopenic obesity starts with a physically active lifestyle to develop a healthy peak fat-free mass and subsequent prevention of excess fat gain. The change from a physically active to a more sedentary routine in later life requires restriction of energy intake to maintain energy balance.

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Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging

Cited by 129 publications

References 38 publications

Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure

Skeletal muscle wasting in chronic heart failure

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure and beyond: update 2017

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

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