Protective role of salicylic acid applied before cold stress on antioxidative system and protein patterns in barley apoplast

Abstract

This study was carried out to better understand the role of salicylic acid (SA) applied before cold stress in the cold tolerance mechanism. Two barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars, cold-sensitive (Akhisar) and cold-tolerant (Tokak), were used and 0.1 mM SA was applied to 7-d-old barley seedlings growing under control conditions (20/18 °C). The seedlings were transferred to cold chamber (7/5 °C) at the age of 14, 21, and 28 d. After three days, the leaves were harvested to determine the activities of apoplastic antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX), ice nucleation activity and electrophoretic patterns of apoplastic proteins. Cold treatment decreased the activities of all enzymes in cold-sensitive cultivar, however, it increased CAT and POX activities in coldtolerant cultivar. Exogenous SA increased enzyme activities in both cultivars. Ice nucleation activity increased by cold treatment, especially in 17-d-old seedlings of both cultivars. In addition, SA treatment increased ice nucleation activity in all examined samplings of both cultivars. SA treatment caused accumulation or de novo synthesis of some apoplastic proteins. The results of the present study show that exogenous SA can improve cold tolerance by regulating the activities of apoplastic antioxidative enzymes, ice nucleation activity, and the patterns of apoplastic proteins.

Salicylic acid alleviates cold-induced photosynthesis inhibition andoxidative stress in Jasminum sambac

“…The application of exogenous SA suppressed O 2 -and H 2 O 2 production induced by the cold treatment, indicating that SA alleviated the cold-induced oxidative stress in jasmine plants. Lowering of ROS levels through SA treatment was reported by Mutlu et al (2013a) for barley and Wang et al (2009) for rice under cold stress. The decreased ROS accumulation may be partially ascribed to the antioxidant attribute of SA and to the role of SA in the activation of antioxidant responses (Horváth et al, 2007).…”

Cold stress affects antioxidative response and accumulation of medicinally important withanolides in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

“…The antioxidant potential is highly variable in different plant species and in different genotypes of the same species. Stress tolerant genotypes have often been reported to show higher expression of antioxidants as reported for salt (Walia et al, 2005), drought (Türkan et al, 2005), cold (Seppanen and Coleman, 2003,b;Kumar et al, 2008a,b;Mutlu et al, 2013) and heat stress (Snider et al, 2010;Almeselmani et al, 2009). The responsiveness and efficiency of scavenging systems of plants governs their performance, endurance, and survival capability under stress conditions (Seppanen and Coleman, 2003;Mishra et al, 2014).…”

“…Cold stress, one of the most harmful abiotic stresses affects growth, development and geographic distribution of plants. Induction of the lipid peroxidation in plants due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one major consequence of cold and other abiotic stresses (Mittler, 2002;Mahajan and Tuteja, 2005;Miller et al, 2008;Gill and Tuteja, 2010;Ahmed et al, 2010Mutlu et al, 2013. ROS molecules include free radicals such as superoxide (O 2 •− ), hydroxyl radical ( − OH) and non radical molecules like hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ).…”

Low temperature tolerance in plants: Changes at the protein level

“…Accordingly, application of salicylic acid before LT stress on frost sensitive or hardy barley cultivars resulted in the accumulation of ROS scavenging enzymes and small polypeptides (14-50 kDa) in the apoplastic space of both cultivars (Mutlu et al, 2013). It has been recognized that the increased accumulation of small polypeptides in the apoplast of plant leaves can prevent freezing and regulate the formation of ice in this space.…”