Protective Properties of Cysteine, Sodium Hyposulfite, and Sodium Cyanide Against Radiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations

Mikaelsen, K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.40.3.171

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The protective effect of cystein as observed in our experiments is much higher than any chemical protection against radiation induced chromosome aberrations obtained so far. Namely, previous investigations demonstrated a maximum reduction in both fragment and bridge frequency of 50-70 per cent (MIKAELSEN 1952(MIKAELSEN -1955FoRSSBERG and NYBOM 1953;RILEY 1955RILEY , 1957. On the contrary, we reached a protection value of 80-90 per cent both in the percentage of abnormal anaphases and in the number of B's per cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Breakage by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Modification of the Effect by Cysteine

Avanzi¹

1961

Caryologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Breakage by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Modification of the Effect by Cysteine

Avanzi¹

1961

Caryologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…SOBELS (1955), on the other hand, found that pretreatment with cyanide and azide significantly increased the frequency of sex-linked lethals in Drosophila. KING, SCHNEIDERMAN and SAX (1952) obtained an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in Trodescantia microspores when the irradiations were performed in the presence of carbon monoxide, a specific inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase, whereas MIKAELSEN (1954) found that sodium cyanide decreased the yield of aberrations produced by y-irradiation in Tradescaniia root tips.…”

Section: Oxygen and Chromosome Breakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen and the Production of Chromosome Aberrations by Chemicals and X-Rays

Kihlman

2010

Hereditas

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although the cytological effect of cyanide alone or in combination with other treatments has been tested by several workers (e.g., 28,35,19), the radiomimetic effect of this compound escaped detection until recently. The credit for having discovered that postassium cyanide actually is a radiomimetic agent goes to Lilly and Thoday (29) who found that treatments of roots of Vicia faba with cyanide resulted in a high frequency of chromosome aberrations, when the treatments were performed in oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Plants

Kihlman

1957

The Journal of Cell Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The finding of Lilly and Thoday that potassium cyanide produces structural chromosome changes in root tips of Vicia faba was confirmed. Like mustards, diepoxides, and maleic hydrazide, potassium cyanide seems to act on cells at early interphase. A tendency of cyanide breaks to be concentrated in heterochromatic segments of the chromosomes was evident. The production of chromosome aberrations by cyanide proved to be practically unaffected by the temperature during treatment. In agreement with Lilly and Thoday, the effect of potassium cyanide was found to be dependent on oxygen tension during treatment. The effect of potassium cyanide increases with increasing oxygen concentration up to 100 per cent oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, potassium cyanide was not completely inactive, but produced a low, though significant frequency of aberrations. Pretreatments with 2.4-dinitrophenol did not influence the effect of potassium cyanide. When bean roots were treated with potassium cyanide before a treatment with 8-ethoxycaffeine, or at the same time as they were treated with 8-ethoxycaffeine, the effect of 8-ethoxycaffeine was almost completely suppressed. The effects of a number of other heavy metal complexing agents were also tested. Sodium fluoride, potassium thiocyanate, carbon monoxide, o-phenanthroline, 2.2-bipyridine, and sodium azide were without radiomimetic effect under the conditions employed, and so was a mixture of sodium azide and sodium fluoride. A low, but quite significant, radiomimetic effect was obtained after treatments with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, cupferron, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Under anaerobic conditions, the effects of cyanide and cupferron were both quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable. Unlike the effect of cyanide, the effect of cupferron was not enhanced by the presence of oxygen. The effects of the same heavy metal complexing agents were tested on the activities of the enzymes catalase and peroxidase. The activities of both of these enzymes were found to be totally inhibited only by potassium cyanide. In the other cases, little correlation was found between ability to inhibit the activities of these enzymes and ability to produce chromosome aberrations. In a number of experiments, hydrogen peroxide was found to be without radiomimetic effect, whether alone or in combination with potassium cyanide. t-Butyl hydroperoxide proved to be active. The effect of t-butyl hydroperoxide was substantially increased by pretreatments with 2.4.-dinitrophenol. The results are discussed, and it is concluded that the observations made do not support the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide is involved in the production of chromosome aberrations by potassium cyanide. The possibility that organic peroxides are involved cannot be excluded on the bases of the experimental results. As an alternative hypothesis, it is suggested that iron or other heavy metals are present in the chromosomes and that cyanide and other heavy metal complexing agents produce chromosome aberrations by reacting with these metals.

show abstract

Protective Properties of Cysteine, Sodium Hyposulfite, and Sodium Cyanide Against Radiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations

Abstract: GENETICS: K. MIKAELSEN 171 mutation rate with increasing dosage of fast neutrons appeared to be linear for sexlinked lethals, both with and without gross chromosomal aberrations; but the rate may not have been linear in the case of the autosomal visibles.

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Chromosome Breakage by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Modification of the Effect by Cysteine

Chromosome Breakage by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Modification of the Effect by Cysteine

Oxygen and the Production of Chromosome Aberrations by Chemicals and X-Rays

Experimentally Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Plants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About