Protective properties of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) against oxidative stress induced in cultured endothelial cells and monocytes

Zapolska-Downar, Danuta; Zapolski-Downar, A.; Naruszewicz, Marek; Siennicka, Aldona; Krasnodębska, Barbara; Kołodziej, Blanka

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02136-7

Cited by 87 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Consumed raw, boiled, steamed or fried, this plant is today widely cultivated all over the world for its large fleshy immature inflorescences, called heads or capitula, with edible leaves (bracts) and receptacle. Artichoke is known since ancient times as a tasty plant that can be used in soups, stews and salads, being perceived as a nutritious and healthy vegetable (Lattanzio et al, 2009) due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects (Gebhardt and Fausel, 1997;Zapolska-Downar et al, 2002;Jimène-Escrig et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2003;Falleh et al, 2008;Kukić et al, 2008;Gouveia and Castilho, 2012). This plant contains very little fat and high levels of minerals, vitamin C, fibre, inulin, polyphenols hydoxycinnamates and flavones, but most of its activity could be related to the polyphenolic fraction, mainly composed of mono-and dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids (Schütz et al, 2004;Falleh et al, 2008;Lutz et al, 2011;Pandino et al, 2011;Gouveia and Castilho, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Pereira

Calhelha

Barros

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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Cynara scolymus (artichoke), Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and Cochlospermum angolensis (borututu) are three plants widely used regarding hepatoprotective effects but to the best of our knowledge no anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity has been studied in the most consumed forms: infusions and dietary supplements. Herein, antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and toxicity of infusions and dietary supplements of the mentioned plants were evaluated and compared. All the samples revealed antioxidant properties with EC 50 values lower than the daily recommended dose, but infusions showed higher biological activity than dietary supplements.Borututu infusion gave the highest antioxidant activity (EC 50 ≤170 µg/mL), and also revealed anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity (GI 50 =146 µg/mL) without toxicity in non-tumour liver cells (GI 50 >400 µg/mL). Artichoke infusion also presented antitumour activity (GI 50 =52 µg/mL) but with toxicity for normal cells at a higher concentration (GI 50 =72 µg/mL). The antioxidant and antitumour properties were positively correlated with phenolics and flavonoids content. Overall, among the three studied species, borututu infusion proved to be the most complete sample regarding antioxidant and antihepatocellular carcinoma activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Pereira

Calhelha

Barros

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…Some researchers have isolated and identified several bioactive components of artichoke, i.e., caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cynarin and luteolin. These bioactive components decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in vitro experiments (Juzyszyn et al, 2008;Zapolska-Downar et al, 2002). On the other hand, several studies have reported that vitamin C has some protective activity against Pb intoxication (Patra Shalan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat

Heidarian

Rafieian-Kopaei

2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Artichoke, Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), has many natural antioxidants and multiple pharmacological actions. Recent studies have shown that it has antitoxic activity. Objective: Lead (Pb) is a dangerous environmental toxicant that induces a broad range of dysfunctions in human. This study evaluated the protective effect of the hydroethanolic extract of artichoke against altered biochemical parameters in rats fed with lead-containing diet. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first (control) group received standard diet. The second, third and fourth groups received 500 mg lead/kg diet, 500 mg lead/kg diet plus 300 mg/kg b.w. artichoke extract daily, and 500 mg lead/ kg diet plus 1 mg vitamin C/100 g b.w. daily for 6 weeks, respectively. Serum lead, lipoprotein profile, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver histopathology assessments were conducted. Results: Serum lead, triglyceride (TG), VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP and MDA levels decreased significantly (p50.05) in the artichoke-treated group (35.85, 38.26, 38.38, 21.90, 12.81, 26.86 and 46.91%, respectively) compared to lead-intoxicated rats without treatment. No significant change was observed in serum lead, ALP and ALT between artichoke and vitamin C-treated groups (p40.05). Furthermore, the liver histopathology in rats treated with artichoke showed a mild degree of lymphocyte infiltration that was relatively comparable to the control and vitamin C-treated groups. Discussion and conclusion: These results clearly show that the artichoke extract in lead-poisoned rats has suitable chelating properties for the reduction of blood lead levels.

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“…It protected cultured rat hepatocytes against hydroperoxideinduced oxidative stress (Gebhardt, 1997). ALE also inhibited LDL oxidation (Brown and Rice-Evans, 1998) and reduced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species by oxidized LDL in cultured endothelial cells and monocytes (Zapolska-Downar et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 97%

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Xia²,

Brausch³

et al. 2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

104

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Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) represents an antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic principle in the vasculature. Hence, an enhanced expression of eNOS in response to pharmacological interventions could provide protection against cardiovascular diseases. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), an artichoke leaf extract (ALE) increased the activity of the human eNOS promoter (determined by luciferase reporter gene assay). An organic subfraction from ALE was more potent in this respect than the crude extract, whereas an aqueous subfraction of ALE was without effect. ALE and the organic subfraction thereof also increased eNOS mRNA expression (measured by an RNase protection assay) and eNOS protein expression (determined by Western blot) both in EA.hy 926 cells and in native HUVECs. NO production (measured by NO-ozone chemiluminescence) was increased by both extracts. In organ chamber experiments, ex vivo incubation (18 h) of rat aortic rings with the organic subfraction of ALE enhanced the NO-mediated vasodilator response to acetylcholine, indicating that the up-regulated eNOS remained functional. Caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids are two major groups of constituents of ALE. Interestingly, the flavonoids luteolin and cynaroside increased eNOS promoter activity and eNOS mRNA expression, whereas the caffeoylquinic acids cynarin and chlorogenic acid were without effect. Thus, in addition to the lipidlowering and antioxidant properties of artichoke, an increase in eNOS gene transcription may also contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular profile. Artichoke flavonoids are likely to represent the active ingredients mediating eNOS up-regulation.

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Protective properties of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) against oxidative stress induced in cultured endothelial cells and monocytes

Cited by 87 publications

References 31 publications

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat

Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

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