Protective mechanisms against the intestinal nematode <i>Strongyloides venezuelensis</i> in <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i>‐infected mice

Maruyama, Haruhiko; Osada, Yoshio; Yoshida, Ayako; Futakuchi, Mitsuru; Kawaguchi, Hitoshi; Zhang, Renli; Fu, Jun; Shirai, Tomoyuki; Kojima, Satoshi; Ohta, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00306.x

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, relatively few cases of Strongyloides hyperinfection have been associated with other concomitant helminth infections (38,78), although the area of endemicity and modes of acquisition overlap considerably. Animal models support the notion that chronic infection with other helminths improves host resistance to S. stercoralis (71).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Strongyloides stercoralisin the Immunocompromised Population

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of humans that infects tens of millions of people worldwide. S. stercoralis is unique among intestinal nematodes in its ability to complete its life cycle within the host through an asexual autoinfective cycle, allowing the infection to persist in the host indefinitely. Under some conditions associated with immunocompromise, this autoinfective cycle can become amplified into a potentially fatal hyperinfection syndrome, characterized by increased numbers of infective filariform larvae in stool and sputum and clinical manifestations of the increased parasite burden and migration, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and respiratory distress. S. stercoralis hyperinfection is often accompanied by sepsis or meningitis with enteric organisms. Glucocorticoid treatment and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection are the two conditions most specifically associated with triggering hyperinfection, but cases have been reported in association with hematologic malignancy, malnutrition, and AIDS. Anthelmintic agents such as ivermectin have been used successfully in treating the hyperinfection syndrome as well as for primary and secondary prevention of hyperinfection in patients whose exposure history and underlying condition put them at increased risk

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Strongyloides stercoralisin the Immunocompromised Population

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased levels of IL-5 and the consequent eosinophilia have been associated with protection in Strongyloides-infected hosts (10,15,29,41). However, it appeared that activated eosinophils were relevant for the destruction of migrating larvae rather than for elimination of worms (10,15), suggesting that the observed effects on IL-5 and eosinophils are unlikely to account for the delay in elimination of worms in our system.…”

Section: Vol 72 2004 S Venezuelensis Infection In Pafr-deficient Mmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…on May 11, 2018 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ However, there is evidence in humans infected by S. stercoralis (38), as well as in experimental models of this infection (24,27,29,30), that a predominant Th2 type of immune response is related to host protection. Increased levels of IL-5 and the consequent eosinophilia have been associated with protection in Strongyloides-infected hosts (10,15,29,41).…”

Section: Vol 72 2004 S Venezuelensis Infection In Pafr-deficient Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One experimental model that has been used to study the aspects of immunoprotection and immunoregulation during gastrointestinal infection is infection of rodents with Strongyloides venezuelensis (29,30,40,50), a nematode that naturally infects wild rats. In experimental infections, S. venezuelensis larvae have an obligatory migration through the lungs of the host before they become established in the duodenal mucosa (52), similar to the migration of S. stercoralis in humans, and the adult worms are spontaneously eliminated after 5 weeks in rats (55) and after 10 to 14 days of infection in mice (46).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Deficiency Delays Elimination of Adult Worms but Reduces Fecundity inStrongyloides venezuelensis-Infected Mice

Negrão-Corrêa¹,

Souza

Pinho

et al. 2004

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe the parasitological kinetics and histopathological and immunological alterations in plateletactivating factor receptor-deficient (PAFR ؊/؊ ) and wild-type mice after a single Strongyloides venezuelensis infection (subcutaneous inoculation of 500 L3 larvae). There was no difference in the numbers of worms that reached and became established in the small intestines of PAFR ؊/؊ and wild-type mice. However, at 12 days after infection, significantly more worms were recovered from PAFR ؊/؊ mice. Although PAFR ؊/؊ infected mice showed a delay in elimination of adult worms, worms established in the small intestine of these mice produced a significantly lower number of eggs due to a reduction in worm fecundity. There were also significant reductions in the number of circulating and tissue eosinophils and tumor necrosis factor levels in the small intestines of PAFR ؊/؊ mice infected for 7 days compared to the number and level in wild-type mice. Histological analysis confirmed the reduced inflammatory process and revealed that the PAFR ؊/؊ mice had a smaller number of goblet cells. The concentrations of the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-10 were lower in small intestine homogenates and in supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from spleens or mesenteric lymph nodes of PAFR ؊/؊ mice than in the corresponding preparations from wild-type mice. Thus, in S. venezuelensis-infected PAFR ؊/؊ mice, decreased intestinal inflammation is associated with enhanced worm survival but decreased fecundity. We suggest that although a Th2-predominant inflammatory response decreases worm survival, the worm may use factors produced during this response to facilitate egg output and reproduction. PAFR-mediated responses appear to modulate these host-derived signals that are important for worm fecundity.

show abstract

“…In human hosts and in murine models, the immune response to Strongyloides sp is characterized by intraepithelial and tissue increase of eosinophils (8,9), as well as by intestinal mastocytosis (10,11) and production of Th2-type cytokines such as IL-3, IL-4, and IL-5 (11)(12)(13). Production of IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM Abs has also been demonstrated (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukotrienes Play a Role in the Control of Parasite Burden in Murine Strongyloidiasis

Machado

Ueta

Lourenço

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is clear that leukotrienes mediate inflammatory response; new aspects of leukotriene function have recently been described. In this study, we demonstrate that leukotrienes are key chemical mediators in the control of parasite burdens in mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis. High leukotriene levels were detected in the lungs and small intestines of Swiss mice. In infected Swiss mice treated with MK886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, numbers of adult worms, and eggs/g/feces were greater than in infected-only animals. The MK886 treatment inhibited leukotriene B4 production in the lungs and small intestines, albeit on different postinfection days. Similarly, parasite burdens and eggs/g/feces were greater in 5-lipoxygenase−/− mice than in wild-type animals. These observation were confirmed by histopathological study of the duodena. We subsequently observed significant lower numbers of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the blood, peritoneal cavity fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Swiss mice treated with MK886. In the lung parenchyma of infected animals, MK886 significantly inhibited synthesis of IL-5 at the beginning of infection, whereas levels of IL-12 increased progressively throughout the postinfection period. However, levels of leukotriene C4, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-3, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were comparable between the treated and untreated groups. Nevertheless, IgE and IgG1 (but not IgG2a) synthesis was also significantly inhibited by MK886 administration. Therefore, in S. venezuelensis-infected mice, adult worm and egg burdens are leukotriene dependent. These findings indicate potential immunostimulatory strategies involving leukotriene administration, and may serve as an alert to physicians treating Strongyloides stercoralis-infected patients presenting asthma-like symptoms because use of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors may worsen the infection.

show abstract

Protective mechanisms against the intestinal nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis in Schistosoma japonicum‐infected mice

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Strongyloides stercoralisin the Immunocompromised Population

Strongyloides stercoralisin the Immunocompromised Population

Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Deficiency Delays Elimination of Adult Worms but Reduces Fecundity inStrongyloides venezuelensis-Infected Mice

Leukotrienes Play a Role in the Control of Parasite Burden in Murine Strongyloidiasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About