Protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Yan, Xu-Sheng; Yang, Zhenhua; Jia, Jianxin; Song, Wei; Fang, Xin; Cai, Zhen; Huo, Dong-Sheng; Wang, He

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.245477

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Testosterone replacement therapy can defer the onset, slow the progression, or improve the symptoms of AD [ 41 ]. The protective effect of testosterone in AD is mediated via androgen receptors to scavenge free radicals and enhance synaptic plasticity [ 42 ]. The results of BSE-treated groups on testosterone exhibited a significant increase in the testosterone level of both BSL and BSH treated groups in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control ( P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats

Sirichaiwetchakoon

Suksuphew

Srisawat

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Butea superba Roxb. (B. superba) is a herb that has been used for rejuvenation, to improve sexual performance, or to prevent erectile dysfunction function. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is the main cause of progressive dementia. This study aimed to investigate the amelioration for cognitive and memory dysfunction of B. superba ethanolic extract (BSE), a possible mechanism of action, and its toxicity. The results from the Y-maze test, novel object recognition test, and passive avoidance test exhibited that the administration of BSE at 50 mg/kg (BSL) and 200 mg/kg (BSH) could ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in all behavior testing. Moreover, BSE could prevent the cognitive deficit in a dose-dependent manner in a passive avoidance test. Furthermore, BSE inhibited acetylcholinesterase’s (AChE) ex vivo activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Also, the in vitro and ex vivo antioxidative effects of BSE revealed that BSE had free radical scavenging activities in both DPPH and FRAP assay. Furthermore, male rats treated with BSE at 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks could significantly increase serum testosterone compared with control ( P < 0.05 ). The GC-MS analysis and previous studies revealed that BSE contained propanoic acid, 3,3′-thiobis-, didodecyl ester, oleic acid, gamma-sitosterol, and stigmasterol which may play an important role in cognitive and memory impairment prevention. The toxicity test of BSE in rats at 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks showed that relative organ weight, serum creatinine, ALT, ALP, and CBC levels of both treated groups were not significantly different compared to the CON ( P > 0.05 ). These results suggest that BSE may not be toxic to the vital organ and blood. In conclusion, BSE has the potential to be developed as a health supplement product or medicine for AD prevention and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats

Sirichaiwetchakoon

Suksuphew

Srisawat

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Finally, testosterone injections improved cognitive performance in male rats induced by intrahippocampal injections of Aβ42 oligomers and markedly decreased the hippocampal protein expression level of Aβ ( 41 , 42 ). Flutamide, an anti-androgen, inhibited all of the testosterone-mediated effects.…”

Section: Androgen Deprivation Therapy/testosterone Depletion and Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 92%

Biomarkers to Evaluate Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: Old Drugs, New Concerns

Achard¹,

Ceyzériat²,

Frisoni³

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer patients, routinely used in the palliative or in the curative setting in association with radiotherapy. Among the systemic long-term side effects of ADT, growing data suggest a potentially increased risk of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease in prostate cancer patients treated with hormonal manipulation. While pre-clinical data suggest that androgen ablation may have neurotoxic effects due to Aβ accumulation and increased tau phosphorylation in small animal brains, clinical studies have measured the impact of ADT on long-term cognitive function, with conflicting results, and studies on biological changes after ADT are still lacking. The aim of this review is to report on the current evidence on the association between the ADT use and the risk of cognitive impairment in prostate cancer patients. We will focus on the contribution of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, namely through imaging, to investigate potential ADT-induced brain modifications. The evidence from these preliminary studies shows brain changes in gray matter volume, cortical activation and metabolism associated with ADT, however with a large variability in biomarker selection, ADT duration and cognitive outcome. Importantly, no study investigated yet biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, namely amyloid and tau. These preliminary data emphasize the need for larger targeted investigations.

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“…As well as reducing oxidative stress, testosterone increased the number of intact pyramidal cells, dendritic spine density, and PSD95 expression levels in the hippocampus and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction. These effects of testosterone were inhibited by flutamide, an AR antagonist 35 . Based on these studies, androgen may confer neuroprotection by modulating synaptic plasticity through AR signaling.…”

Section: Sex Hormones and Admentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These effects of testosterone were inhibited by flutamide, an AR antagonist. 35 Based on these studies, androgen may confer neuroprotection by modulating synaptic plasticity through AR signaling.…”

Section: Effects Of Androgen On the Dementia And Pathology Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sex hormones in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

Maekawa

Yamanaka

2023

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells and leads to the subsequent production of proinflammatory molecules, is associated with the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As the incidence of AD is higher in females than males, multiple studies have focused on the relationship between sex hormones and AD pathology. Androgen and estrogen receptors are expressed throughout the brain, including the hippocampus; thus, both sex hormones may regulate brain function, including cognitive function. Endogenous sex hormone levels are depleted by aging and cancer therapies, including prostate cancer and breast cancer therapies. Previous cohort studies have revealed that these conditions may also increase the risk of developing AD. Here we review previous findings from epidemiologic and preclinical studies on AD and provide an overview of the roles of sex hormones as risk factors of AD and regulators of AD pathology, including neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of sex hormone supplementation as a preventive or therapeutic treatment for AD based on the results of randomized control trials.

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Protective mechanism of testosterone on cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats

Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats

Biomarkers to Evaluate Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: Old Drugs, New Concerns

Role of sex hormones in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

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