Protective Felix Culpa Effect of Superior Sympathetic Cervical Ganglion Degenerations on Prevention of Basilar Artery Spasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Şahin, Balkan; Kanat, Ayhan; Karadağ, Mehmet Kürşat; Demirtaş, Rabia; Aydın, Mehmet Dumlu

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.063

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…SAH is a neurovascular condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The luminal changes of basilar arteries in SAH may be a cause of death of patients (2). There is an interesting link between the SAH and the autonomic nervous system (5).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vasospasm or sudden, extensive dissection of the basilar artery could be the cause of death of a patient with SAH. Previously, the protective effect of sympathetic stellate ganglion degeneration or sympathectomy for vasospasm following SAH has been reported (2) (2). Cervical dorsal root and stellate ganglia have a role in basilar artery vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (12), (13).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Zeynal

Şahin

Kanat

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

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Background: Life-threatening basilar artery dissection (BAD) can be seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but it is not clear whether subarachnoid hemorrhage causes dissection, or not. This study aims to investigate the relationship between, degenerative changes in the superior cervical ganglia and the dissection rate of the basilar artery. Material and Method: In this article, after three weeks of experimental SAH, animals were decapitated. 18 rabbits were divided into three groups, according to their vasospasm indexes. The basilar arteries were examined by anatomical and histopathological methods. Results: Basilar dissection with high vasospasm index value (VSI>3) was detected in six animals (G-I, n=6); severe basilar edema and moderate vasospasm index value (VSI>2.4) in seven rabbits (G-II, n=7) and slight vasospasm (VSI<1.5) index value in five subjects (G-III, n=5) was detected. The degenerated neuron densities (n/mm3) of the superior cervical ganglia were detected as 12±4 in G-I, 41±8 in G-II; and 276±78 in G-III. The dissected surface values/lumen values were calculated as (42±1)/(64±11) in G-I; (21±6)/(89±17) in G-II; and (3±1)/(102±24) in G-III. If we look at these ratios as a percentage: 62%in G-I, 23% in G-II, and 5% in G-III. Conclusion: Inverse relationship between the degenerated neuron densities (n/mm3) of the superior cervical ganglia and the dissected surface values basilar artery was observed. The common knowledge is that basilar artery dissection may lead to SAH, however, this study indicates that SAH is the cause of basilar artery dissection.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Zeynal

Şahin

Kanat

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

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“…perinuclear halo formation, cytoplasmic condensation, cellular angulation, and neuronal death were used as the degeneration criteria (10). Degeneration of both Th3 axons and DRG was estimated by the physical dissector method as in the study of Sahin et al (11). Data were obtained from dissector pairs, consisting of parallel sections with constant intervals.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema and Thoracic 3 DRG Degeneration Following Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: First Experimental Study

Sirinoglu,

Sarigul,

Kanat

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg

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Aim: Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still one of the most catastrophic complications with its high morbidity and mortality rate. Systemic sympathetic hyperactivity has been considered in the pathogenesis, but it has not been clarified. In this study, the relationship between the degeneration of Th3 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and developing NPE following spinal SAH was investigated. Methods: The study was conducted on 23 rabbits. Five of them were used as the control group (n=5), and the remainder was divided into the SHAM group (n=5) and the study group (n=13). The correlation between degenerated neuronal densities of Th3 nerve axons and neurons in DRG and NPE scores were analyzed statistically Results: A correlation between the study and the SHAM group was found for neuronal degeneration Th3 nerve, its DRG, and high NPE scores. Massive NPE was detected in the study group along with neural degeneration of Th3 axons and ganglia. Conclusion: The present study indicates that neurogenic pulmonary edema and pulmonary artery vasospasm can be prevented by reducing Th3 DRG degeneration.

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“…Ischemic neurodegeneration of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia may protect the basilar arteries from spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. 50 Fatal pulmonary edema and intrapulmonary hemorrhages are significant complications of stenoocclusive carotid artery disease. 51 The neurodegeneration of the thoracic sympathetic nuclei may lead to low-frequency heart rhythm abnormalities, 52 partially involved in the development of neurogenic stunned myocardium or takotsubo cardiomyopathy 10 and permanent miosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Mysterious Roles of the Autonomic Ganglia Considered as Deep Intelligence Agency in the United States of the Brain

Dumlu Aydin

2024

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

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For centuries, the brain has been considered a single organ from an anatomical and functional perspective. However, while the cerebral cortex, consisting of many lobes and lobules, generally creates voluntary actions, autonomous parts of the brain also carry out vital activities such as survival, reproduction, and nutrition. The functions of the group of organs that carry out basic vital activities are modulated by autonomous ganglia that work like the deep intelligence networks of the brain. Information and energy packets produced as different molecules in vital organs and sent to the autonomous ganglia are decoded. These packages are then made available for use by cells, tissues, and organs. This deep information, purified and summarized by the autonomic ganglia, is presented to the cerebral cortex after passing through the control of the brainstem and insula. As a result, the entire brain and all the organs under its control decide together what to do. From this conceptual perspective, the brain is a united states group with different states under its management; the autonomic ganglia can also be thought of as the brain’s deep intelligence networks.

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Protective Felix Culpa Effect of Superior Sympathetic Cervical Ganglion Degenerations on Prevention of Basilar Artery Spasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study

The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study

Interaction between Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema and Thoracic 3 DRG Degeneration Following Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: First Experimental Study

A Review of the Mysterious Roles of the Autonomic Ganglia Considered as Deep Intelligence Agency in the United States of the Brain

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