Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells

Parwani, Kirti; Patel, Farhin; Patel, Dhara; Mandal, Palash

doi:10.3390/molecules26092748

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…It has been reported that swertiamarin not only downregulates the expression of hyperglycemia‐induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the serum and renal tissue but also prevents renal fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition in renal tissues. The silico analysis indicates that swertiamarin inhibits the binding of various AGEs to the recombinant receptor for AGEs (RAGE), thereby inhibiting the AGE‐RAGE axis (Parwani, Patel, Bhagwat, et al, 2021; Parwani, Patel, Patel, & Mandal, 2021). In addition, Sonawane et al found considerable improvement in the histology of glomerular function in swertiamarin (50 mg/kg, ig)‐treated animals receiving an aqueous extract of E. littorale , suggesting the significant kidney‐protective effect of swertiamarin (Sonawane et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swertia L.: A comprehensive review of its genetic relationship, chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications

Guo

Xing

et al. 2023

Phytotherapy Research

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Swertia L., as a commonly used ethnic medicine, is widely distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xizang in China. Moreover, the medicinal plants of Swertia L. have been widely used and constitute one of the most important sources of various traditional medicines in China due to their prominent activities. In this review, the information on the classification, distribution, genetic relationship, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications of the medicinal plants in Swertia L. was summarized based on the scientific literature. The results indicated that the medicinal plants of Swertia L. mainly contained chemical components including triterpenes, xanthones, and iridoids. These compounds exert pharmacological effects including ameliorating diseases related to the liver and gallbladder. They also exert antiviral and antibacterial effects and can alleviate the increase in blood glucose levels. Especially, prescriptions related to Swertia L. have been widely adopted in preclinical and clinical studies to protect against diseases affecting the liver and the gallbladder, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholecystitis. In addition, it also discusses toxicity studies and future perspectives and provides a reference for their clinical development and utilization.

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Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swertia L.: A comprehensive review of its genetic relationship, chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications

Guo

Xing

et al. 2023

Phytotherapy Research

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“…1,2 ARPs are considered potential substitutes for Maillard reaction products (MRPs) 3 to produce expected flavor and avoid the loss of desirable volatile components of MRPs 4 during the thermal processing of food due to their relatively stable physicochemical properties. 5,6 The type of amino acids and reducing sugars could affect the components of their ARPs and MRPs. 7 Lysine (Lys) is a basic amino acid containing two active sites of −NH 2 (α-and ε-NH 2 ), 8 both of which are highly reactive to interact with reducing sugars to form different Lys-ARPs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs) are generated at the initial stage of the Maillard reaction. , ARPs are considered potential substitutes for Maillard reaction products (MRPs) to produce expected flavor and avoid the loss of desirable volatile components of MRPs during the thermal processing of food due to their relatively stable physicochemical properties. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Selective Formation of Amadori Compounds from α/ε Mono- or Di-glycation of Lysine with Xylose

Zhang

Cui

Xue

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Three Amadori rearrangement products (Xyl-α-Lys-ARP, Xyl-ε-Lys-ARP, and diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP) were observed in the xylose-lysine (Xyl-Lys) Maillard reaction model. They were separated and characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and NMR. The crucial roles of reaction temperature, pH, molar ratio of Xyl to Lys, and reaction time in the formation of different Xyl-Lys-ARPs were investigated. The proportion of Xyl-α-Lys-ARP among all Xyl-Lys-ARPs was increased to 48.41% (its concentration was 25.31 μmol/mL) after the reaction at pH = 5.5 and a molar ratio of 3:1 (Xyl: Lys) for 9 min, while only Xyl-ε-Lys-ARP was generated at a higher pH (7.5) and a lower molar ratio of 1:5. Moreover, the much higher activation energy (84.08 kJ/mol) of diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP than Xyl-α-Lys-ARP (34.19 kJ/mol) and Xyl-ε-Lys-ARP (32.32 kJ/mol) indicated a pronounced promoting effect on diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP formation by high temperatures. A complete conversion from Xyl-α-Lys-ARP and Xyl-ε-Lys-ARP to diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP was achieved through the reaction time prolongation and Xyl concentration increase at a higher temperature; the concentration of diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP was 39.05 μmol/mL at a molar ratio of 5:1 for 40 min. Accordingly, the selective preparation of Xyl-α-Lys-ARP, Xyl-ε-Lys-ARP, and diXyl-α,ε-Lys-ARP could be achieved through adjusting the Xyl-Lys ratio, pH, and reaction time.

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“…Studies have shown that sodium oleate has damage to the kidneys [8]. NRK-52e is the rat proximal tubular epithelial cell, which is often used to study kidney disease [9]. Therefore, this study used sodium oleate to stimulate NRK-52e cells to explore whether it could induce lipid deposition in NRK-52e cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds from Mori Cortex Ameliorate Sodium Oleate-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis in NRK-52e Cells through CD36

et al. 2021

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Lipid deposition in the kidney can cause serious damage to the kidney, and there is an obvious epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in the late stage. To investigate the interventional effects and mechanisms of phenolic compounds from Mori Cortex on the EMT and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate-induced lipid deposition in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e cells), and the role played by CD36 in the adjustment process, NRK-52e cells induced by 200 μmol/L sodium oleate were given 10 μmoL/L moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-1), moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (Y-2), moracin-P-3′-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (Y-3), and moracin-P-3′-O-[β-glucopyranoside-(1→2)arabinopyranoside] (Y-4), and Oil Red O staining was used to detect lipid deposition. A Western blot was used to detect lipid deposition-related protein CD36, inflammation-related protein (p-NF-κB-P65, NF-κB-P65, IL-1β), oxidative stress-related protein (NOX1, Nrf2, Keap1), EMT-related proteins (CD31, α-SMA), and fibrosis-related proteins (TGF-β, ZEB1, Snail1). A qRT-PCR test detected inflammation, EMT, and fibrosis-related gene mRNA levels. The TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA, and the colorimetric method was used to detects SOD and MDA levels. The ROS was measured by flow cytometry. A high-content imaging analysis system was applied to observe EMT and fibrosis-related proteins. At the same time, the experiment silenced CD36 and compared the difference between before and after drug treatment, then used molecular docking technology to predict the potential binding site of the active compounds with CD36. The research results show that sodium oleate can induce lipid deposition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in NRK-52e cells. Y-1 and Y-2 could significantly ameliorate the damage caused by sodium oleate, and Y-2 had a better ameliorating effect, while there was no significant change in Y-3 or Y-4. The amelioration effect of Y-1 and Y-2 disappeared after silencing CD36. Molecular docking technology showed that the Y-1 and Y-2 had hydrogen bonds to CD36 and that, compared with Y-1, Y-2 requires less binding energy. In summary, moracin-P-2″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and moracin-P-3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside from Mori Cortex ameliorated lipid deposition, EMT, and fibrosis induced by sodium oleate in NRK-52e cells through CD36.

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Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Swertia L.: A comprehensive review of its genetic relationship, chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications

Swertia L.: A comprehensive review of its genetic relationship, chemical compositions, pharmacological effects, toxicities, and applications

Controlled Selective Formation of Amadori Compounds from α/ε Mono- or Di-glycation of Lysine with Xylose

Phenolic Compounds from Mori Cortex Ameliorate Sodium Oleate-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis in NRK-52e Cells through CD36

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