“…77,78 D-(+)-Malic acid exhibits notable biological activities, mainly known for its hepatoprotective effects. 79 Additionally, it plays a role in the regulation of acidity in the body and participates in the citric acid cycle, an essential metabolic pathway. 80 Additionally, 12-oxo-10,15 (Z)-phytodienoic acid has been involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in plants, including defense responses.…”