Protective effects of Vitis vinifera (grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Vitis vinifera (grape) is one of the "most-produced fruit" in the world. Grape seeds are a valuable source of phenolic compounds including resveratrol (RSV). Grape and one of its biologically active constituents, RSV, exert their protective effects against different natural or chemical toxins which could alter physiological homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms of actions include increase in superoxide dismutase, hemeoxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione content and decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activation of the nuclear erythroid2-related factor2/ARE pathway. There are also various reports of the potential use of such compounds in preventing different ailments including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, degenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, in this review, we have investigated the possible protective effects of grape and one of its biologically active constituents, RSV, on different organs' toxicity induced by natural toxins (such as mycotoxins, lipopolysaccharide, and triptolide) and chemical toxins (such as antitumors, metals, and carbon tetrachloride). There are insufficient clinical trials on this subject, so our review only includes in vivo and in vitro studies. To establish the grape beneficial effects in human intoxication, more clinical trials need to be accomplished.

Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health

“…Stilbenes intake has been associated to a reduced all‐cause mortality (Tresserra‐Rimbau et al, ) as well as to a reduced the risk of hypertension onset (Miranda, Steluti, Fisberg, & Marchioni, ), diabetes (Tresserra‐Rimbau et al, ), and obesity (Grosso et al, ; Grosso et al, ). The most known and studied among stilbenes is resveratrol, shown in Figure (Annunziata, Tenore, & Novellino, ; Koushki, Amiri‐Dashatan, Ahmadi, Abbaszadeh, & Rezaei‐Tavirani, ; Ramírez‐Garza et al, ; Tabeshpour, Mehri, Shaebani Behbahani, & Hosseinzadeh, ). Although resveratrol exerts cardioprotective effects, a recent meta‐analysis of available RCTs does not suggest any benefit of its supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors (Sahebkar et al, ).…”

“…Stilbenes can activate nuclear localization of Nrf2 and activation of Nrf2 target genes associated with antioxidant defence and autophagy(Reinisalo et al, 2015).Stilbenes intake has been associated to a reduced all-cause mortality(Tresserra-Rimbau et al, 2014a) as well as to a reduced the risk of hypertension onset(Miranda, Steluti, Fisberg, & Marchioni, 2016), diabetes(Tresserra-Rimbau et al, 2016), and obesityGrosso et al, 2018). The most known and studied among stilbenes is resveratrol, shown inFigure 9(Annunziata, Tenore, & Novellino, 2018;Koushki, Amiri-Dashatan, Ahmadi, Abbaszadeh, & Rezaei- Tavirani, 2018;Ramírez-Garza et al, 2018;Tabeshpour, Mehri, Shaebani Behbahani, & Hosseinzadeh, 2018). Although resveratrol exerts cardioprotective effects, a recent meta-analysis of available…”

The use of plant extracts and their phytochemicals for control of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins

“…Resveratrol is another natural product isolated from grape skin which suppresses the proliferation of many tumour cells such as breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers by inhibiting xenobiotic metabolism and inducing detoxification pathways ( Farombi, 2004 ; Thipe et al., 2019 ). Studies have showed that this product can protect mycotoxin-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo ( Do et al., 2015 ; Sridhar et al., 2015 ; Tabeshpour et al., 2018 ). Furthermore, 6-gingerol, a natural bioactive compound extracted from ginger was found to possess strong protective effects against PAT-induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cells in vitro ( Yang et al., 2011 ).…”

Potency of Selected Berries, Grapes, and Citrus Fruit as Neuroprotective Agents

“…rescued the oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis through the upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the mouse brain. Resveratrol was observed to prevent various ailments including degenerative diseases and inflammatory disorders via mechanisms of actions including increase in superoxide dismutase, hemeoxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels [101].…”