“…In addition, Fructus evodiae (fruit of E. rutaecarpa) is also used for the treatment of headache, thoracicoabdominal pain, vomiting, colds, and reduced blood circulation (Fei et al, 2003). Pharmacological studies indicate that Rut has various bioactivities, such as causing vasodilatation by mechanisms of an endothelium-dependent manner coupled with the synthesis or release of nitric oxide (Wang et al, 1996), inhibiting vasoconstriction induced by anaphylaxis (Yu et al, 2005), inducing positive inotropic and chronotropic actions (Kobayashi et al, 2001), protecting the myocardium mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (Hu et al, 2002;Yi et al, 2004), increasing intracellular Ca 2ϩ concentration in endothelium (Wang et al, 1996), suppressing platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules (Sheu et al, 2000), inhibiting prostaglandin production in RAW264.7 macrophages (Woo et al, 2001), relaxation of rabbit and human internal anal sphincter (Jiang et al, 2000), gastroprotective effect against injury induced by aspirin and stress (Wang et al, 2005), anti-Helicobacter pylori (Tominaga et al, 2002), blockade of delayed rectifier K ϩ current in NG108-15 neuronal cells (Wu et al, 2001), inhibiting cytochrome P450 in human liver microsomes (Ueng et al, 2002(Ueng et al, , 2006Iwata et al, 2005), and inhibition of COX-2 (Moon et al, 1999).…”