Protective effects of pomegranate peel against hematotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride in adult rats

Abstract

Context Pomegranate peel (PP) has health benefits including antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimutagenic properties. Objective This study investigated the biochemical composition and protective effects of PP against hematotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by barium chloride (BaCl 2 ) in adult rats. Materials and methods Adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each: control, barium (67 ppm via drinking water), PP (5% via diet), and their combination during 21 d. Oxidative stress was determined by MDA, AOPP, and antioxidant status: CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit C. Osmotic fragility (OF), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus (MN) assays were also studied. Results PP showed a rich composition of antioxidant compounds. DPPH test found IC 50 value¼ 5.3 mg/mL and a high polysaccharides content (315 ± 5 mg/g of extract). In vivo study showed a decrease in red blood cells (70%) and platelet counts (46%), hemoglobin content (8%), hematocrit percent (7%), and an 80% increase of white blood cells in Ba-treated rats. A reduction in antioxidant status: catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, glutathione, and vitamin C levels by 31, 21, 28, and 29%, respectively, and an increase in MDA (46%) and AOPP levels (72%) were also observed compared with controls. BaCl 2 -treatment showed a significant increase in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations with abnormal metaphases and micronucleus in bone-marrow cells. Oxidative stress induced by BaCl 2 might be the major cause for chromosomal abnormalities leading to DNA damage. Discussion and conclusion A decrease in hematotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by PP is due to its powerful antioxidant capacity. ARTICLE HISTORY

Extra Virgin olive oil mitigates hematotoxicity induced by acrylamide and oxidative damage in adult rats

“…Our results were in accordance with those of Tarskikh (34) who has reported that acute acrylamide toxicity can damage erythrocyte membrane and decrease its hemolytic resistance. The alteration in erythrocyte parameters and intravascular hemolysis of barium treated rats are considered as a consequence of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the circulating erythrocytes (35). Our data showed a significant increase of MDA concentrations as a result of oxidative stress and an excess production of ROS probably generated by ACR.…”

Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical

“…for 30 days; Kumar et al, 2013) and paraquat (Mowery et al, 2018). Likewise, it protected against barium chloride-induced oxidative stress and subsequently its hematotoxic, genotoxic (Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016), and nephrotoxic actions . Additionally, a pilot study indicated that pomegranate polyphenols (POMx, which is ellagitannin-enriched pomegranate polyphenol extract prepared from juice biowaste pressing; Rasheed et al, 2009) daily supplementation (753 mg polyphenols)…”

“…Several studies pointed to the hepatoprotective effect of PP using different hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis-induced models (Doostan et al, 2019;Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016;Hafiz et al, 2016;Mukherjee et al, 2013;Shaban et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2015), and further autoimmune hepatitis (Wang, Özen, et al, 2018;Wang, Men, et al, 2018). It improved the liver function tests as manifested by a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; Doostan et al, 2019;Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016;Shaban et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2015), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016), total bilirubin and increased albumin levels.…”

“…Several studies pointed to the hepatoprotective effect of PP using different hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis-induced models (Doostan et al, 2019;Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016;Hafiz et al, 2016;Mukherjee et al, 2013;Shaban et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2015), and further autoimmune hepatitis (Wang, Özen, et al, 2018;Wang, Men, et al, 2018). It improved the liver function tests as manifested by a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; Doostan et al, 2019;Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016;Shaban et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2015), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT; Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016), total bilirubin and increased albumin levels. PP further demonstrated antioxidant effect as evidenced by reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation (Akuru et al, 2021;Shaban et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2015) and oxidative markers (Hafiz et al, 2016) mediated via improvement of anti-oxidative potential-increasing GSH level, GPx, SOD, and GST activities (Shaban et al, 2013) besides its anti-inflammatory effect against TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression (Elwej, Ben Salah, et al, 2016;Elwej, Grojja, et al, 2016).…”

Critical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-herb interactions in rats between warfarin and pomegranate peel or guava leaves extracts

“…It has been reported that pomegranate peel could possess in vitro thrombolytic activity when added to clots formed from human blood samples, extracts of it were reported to cause prolonged bleeding and thrombin time [12]. In addition to its reported ability to alter Prothrombin time (PT), reduce platelet aggregation and protect against hematotoxicty [13–16].…”