Protective effects of polyethylene oxide on the vascular and organ function of rats with severe hemorrhagic shock

Abstract

This study examined the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the survival rate, hemodynamics, blood gas indexes, lactic acid levels, microcirculation, and inflammatory cytokine levels in rats subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock. The shocked rats were resuscitated with either Ringer's lactate solution or 20 ppm of PEO in Ringer's lactate solution for 1 h. It was found that infusion of PEO effectively improved the survival, metabolic acidosis, oxygen delivery, hyperlactacidemia, tissue perfusion, and inflammatory responses of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. In addition, we found, for the first time, that PEO showed protective effects on hepatic and renal injury, as evidenced by the significant decreases in the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine caused by shock induction after infusion of PEO (p < 0.05, 60 min post-resuscitation by comparison with pre-resuscitation). All of these findings indicate that PEO exhibits strong therapeutic effects under conditions of severe hemorrhagic shock,which also provides theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical use of PEO.

Kidney Microcirculation as a Target for Innovative Therapies in AKI

“…Specifically, DRPs can improve tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption in rats subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock [ 123 , 124 , 125 ]. Recently, Li et al pointed out that polyethylene oxide, one of the well-known water-soluble DRPs dissolved in Ringer’s acetate, can protect the kidneys against renal injury and functional loss along with the improvement in tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery and reducing lactic acid, creatinine, TNF-α and IL-6 [ 126 ]. It was concluded that, HS-related microcirculatory derangements in the kidney required more attention to improve not only systemic hemodynamics but also renal microcirculation: perfusion, oxygenation, and endothelial function by oxygen carriers (blood or HBOCs) and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mediators ( Table 1 ).…”