Protective effects of paeonol against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

DC-SIGN of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Mediates Immune Functions against Aeromonas hydrophila through Collaboration with the TLR Signaling Pathway

“…In the study of zebrafish, it was discovered that DC-SIGN expression was up-regulated in the spleen and gills following stimulation by A. hydrophila [6]. The relevant research on TLR4 revealed that the mRNA expression level of the Tf_TLR4 gene was up-regulated in the intestine and immune-related tissues of Tachysurus fulvidraco post E. ictalurid infection [35]. Subsequent studies found that DC-SIGN can impact TLR4-mediated immune responses following mycobacteria stimulation, suggesting that DC-SIGN can regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway [36].…”

Resveratrol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by inducing SIRT1/P62-mediated mitophagy in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)

“…In this study, plasma C4 levels of gibel carp were significantly reduced after LPS injection. Compared with the CON group, RES significantly increased plasma C4 levels at 6 h. Numerous studies have shown that NF-kB is an important regulatory protein that is widely present in eukaryotic cells and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in fish (6,10,41,42). In grass carp, soybean b-globulin drove NF-kB P65 nuclear translocation and TOR phosphorylation to regulate inflammatory cytokines (41).…”

“…LPS can activate the immune response in fish to trigger liver injury ( 6 ). Therefore, in this study, LPS was administered to gibel carp after 8 weeks of breeding, and samples were taken at 6 h and 12 h post-injection.…”

“…In carp, the insecticide avermectin induced an inflammatory response by activating NF-κB pathways to release inflammatory factors that disrupted the blood-brain barrier structure ( 42 ). In addition, NF-κB has also been shown to regulate fish cytokines in the inflammatory response in gibel carp ( 6 ) and yellow catfish ( 10 ). Significant upregulation of nfkb and its downstream inflammatory factors thf-α , il-6 , and il-1β , but significant downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors tgf-β , il-4 , and il-10 at 6 h and 12 h after LPS injection suggested that severe inflammation was induced.…”

“…Concurrently, a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) breaks the balance with the antioxidant defense system and impels the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) that was originally bound to Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1) to dissociate and bind to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the nucleus ( 5 ). Then, transcripts of downstream genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are activated ( 6 , 7 ). Similarly, it has been reported that LPS induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in zebrafish ( 8 ), carp ( 9 ), and yellow catfish ( 10 ).…”